“…Secondly, the prior study chose only low service satisfaction ( Liu et al., 2021 ), low enjoyment ( Liu et al., 2021 ), inconvenience ( Lai et al., 2012 ), etc., for the pull effect, and alternative attractiveness ( Lai et al., 2012 ), peer influence ( Lai et al., 2012 ), etc., for the push effect. This research proposed new pull and push effect variables, such as perceived ease of use, knowledge-based trust, negativity perceived value, etc., that substantially influence users' switching intentions in the framework of ELS.…”