Investigation and analysis of the linkage mechanism and whole process cost of livestock manure organic fertilizer

Abstract

In recent years, the utilization of manure resources for livestock and poultry farming has attracted a widespread attention, and manure resources utilization models suitable for different regional characteristics have formed gradually. Among them, the production of organic fertilizer from animal manure is a vital utilization method. However, there are still some problems such as high production costs, difficult sales, and the unwillingness of farmers to use organic fertilizers which have affected the breeding cycle and the sustainability of manure treatment in livestock and poultry breeding. This article selected 371 organic fertilizer plants, related farms and farmers in China, focusing on the main links of the entire process of livestock manure-organic fertilizer-farm application, and studied the mode of animal manure collection by organic fertilizer plants. The costs of organic fertilizer production and farmland application were discussed. Moreover, suggestions were made for the promotion and implementation of large-scale organic fertilizers to make good utilization of manure resources in livestock and poultry farming.

Investigation of distribution uniformity of distributor for biogas slurry application based on CFD analysis

“…The biogas slurry was fermented in a fermenting tank after the biogas project was complete so that the biogas slurry used in this work could be directly used as organic fertilizer. The original TS content and density of biogas residue were 10.61% and 1.24 g/cm 3 , respectively. In order to investigate the effects of TS on the rheology and flow characteristics in the distributor, samples were diluted with water to the TS content of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%.…”

“…Intensive livestock production yields vast quantities of manure, especially in China, the total amount of livestock and poultry manure reaches 40×10 8 t/a, while the effective processing capacity is less than 50% [1][2][3] . The development of the biogas industry through anaerobic digestion has already solved some of the problems in the treatment of livestock and poultry manure, and simultaneously alleviated the demand for energy [4,5] .…”

Risk Preference, Health Risk Perception, and Environmental Exposure Nexus: Evidence from Rural Women as Pig Breeders, China

“…Still, the probability of harmless disposal or recycling, such as composting and fermentation, is less than 60%, and the total amount of undisposed LPM is as high as 160 million tons (Xu et al, 2020). Moreover, the drastically reduced farmland and farmers' livelihood transformation limits the proper and efficient application of LPM as organic fertilizer, which further limits the LPM's harmless disposal or recycling (Dong et al, 2020;Haase et al, 2017). Over the past 30 years, a rich body of literature is focusing on the carbon emissions reductions arising from LPM to cope with environmental pollution (Ali et al, 2020;Won et al, 2020), such as adopting harmless disposal technologies (Jeswani et al, 2019), and boosting recycling efficiency (Lonappan et al, 2016;Won et al, 2020).…”

“…The pig breeders dealing with LPM are confronting with a series of environmental risk factors such as sewage, bacteria, viruses, and malodor (Dong et al, 2020). As discussed before, the degree of environmental exposure mainly describes the interactive results of breeders' intervention in response to environmental risk factors, which can also be considered as breeders' decision-making behaviour regarding risk.…”

The land carrying capacity and environmental risk assessment of livestock and poultry breeding considering crop planting

“…In addition, both the collection rate and the nutrient retention rate of livestock affect the manure nutrient supply for crops. Livestock manure is mainly treated by composting, sewage oxidation pond storage or farmland utilization after anaerobic fermentation in China (Yan et al, 2017;Dong et., 2020). These methods can be combined with pollutant monitoring of breeding facilities to further explore their impact on ICLSs in the future.…”