Maize (Zea mays L.) belongs to the Poaceae family and stands out among the most cultivated cereals worldwide because of its great economic and social importance. This study aims to estimate and identify phenotypic, genetic, and environmental associations in S 1 maize progenies from the southern Rio Grande do Sul landrace populations. The experimental design was the augmented blocks, with ten S 1 progenies groups, and two commercial controls, the simple cross hybrids Pioneer 30F53 and Agroeste 1590, allocated in four repetitions. The S 1 progenies were obtained after self-fertilization of random plants in the maize landrace populations, being them: