Investigation and application of polysiloxane-based gel electrolyte in valve-regulated lead-acid battery

Application of a novel gelled-electrolyte in valve-regulated lead-acid batteries with tubular positive plates

“…Appropriate amounts of poly-ether modified siloxane with hydrophilic group (molecular weight<3,000), methyl silicon oil (viscosity<1500P), tetraethyloxysilane (TEOS) and deionized water were mixed and strongly stirred. The detailed synthesis procedure had been previously described [16,18,19]. PBGE was prepared by mixing the above obtained polysiloxane gel, deionized water and sulphuric acid (1.53 g cm -3 ) at a weight ratio of 1:4.9:6.0.…”

“…Figures 5 and 6 show that the AGM-PBGE tubular batteries present higher discharge voltage and larger high-rate discharge capacity than PVC-FSGE. The micropores in PBGE may provide a pathway for the diffusion of reactive species such as H 2 O and H 2 SO 4 , hence the concentration polarization during charge and discharge is reduced by enhancing the transfer [16]. This may be partially responsible for the lower internal resistance and better discharge performance of the AGM-PBGE batteries.…”

“…lithium polymer batteries) due to their high ionic conductivity, good thermal, chemical and mechanical stabilities as well as excellent flexibility [13][14][15]. Recently, a novel application of PBGE in lead-acid batteries with pasted positive plates has been reported [16]. In the present work a mixed polysiloxane gel is used as a new gelling agent in VRLA tubular batteries.…”

Electrochemical properties of antimony lead electrode in gelled electrolyte prepared by liquid glass and sulfuric acid using polyacrylamide together with polyaniline

“…Airtight lead acid batteries are important in the field of renewable energy production, in which the improvement of gelled electrolyte has always been interested in research by scientists. The gelled electrolyte is made in many different ways such as changing the ratio of input materials, [1][2][3] adding organic and inorganic additives, [4][5][6] as well as changing its application method to the battery. [7] However, the simultaneous mixing of input materials (sulfuric acid and liquid glass or/with fumed silica) has not been considered.…”

Estimation of the state-of-charge of gel lead-acid batteries and application to the control of a stand-alone wind-solar test-bed with hydrogen support

“…The other is the VRLA battery with gelled electrolyte [19,20]. Tang et al [21] enumerate the advantages of gel VRLA batteries in comparison with conventional flooded or AGM batteries: (i) they have a long service life and high reliability under deep discharge cycles; (ii) there is no acid stratification and they can be installed in any orientation; (iii) there is no leakage of acid mist, charge stability is good, and operation is maintenancefree. The most commonly used gelled electrolyte consists of fumed silica, although colloidal silica gelled electrolytes (CSGE) are receiving increasing attention because of their good stability and low cost.…”