Investigation and Characterization of the Frozen Feeder Rodent Industry in Texas Following a Multi‐State<i>Salmonella</i>Typhimurium Outbreak Associated with Frozen Vacuum‐Packed Rodents

Lee, K. M.; McReynolds, J. L.; Fuller, Candace C.; Jones, Ben; Herrman, Timothy J.; Byrd, J. A.; Runyon, Mick

doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01165.x

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In general, Salmonella shedding rate estimates are in the range of 1 to 15% [175-179]. Salmonella prevalence among captive rodents is low, and environmental reservoirs may play a paramount epidemiologic role [180]. Salmonella has also been isolated from pet rabbits, indicating a potential risk associated with this animal species [181].…”

Section: Mammals As Source Of Human Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal contact as a source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis

Hoelzer

Switt

Wiedmann

2011

Vet Res

426

383

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella represents an important human and animal pathogen world-wide. Most human salmonellosis cases are foodborne, but each year infections are also acquired through direct or indirect animal contact in homes, veterinary clinics, zoological gardens, farm environments or other public, professional or private settings. Clinically affected animals may exhibit a higher prevalence of shedding than apparently healthy animals, but both can shed Salmonella over long periods of time. In addition, environmental contamination and indirect transmission through contaminated food and water may complicate control efforts. The public health risk varies by animal species, age group, husbandry practice and health status, and certain human subpopulations are at a heightened risk of infection due to biological or behavioral risk factors. Some serotypes such as Salmonella Dublin are adapted to individual host species, while others, for instance Salmonella Typhimurium, readily infect a broad range of host species, but the potential implications for human health are currently unclear. Basic hygiene practices and the implementation of scientifically based management strategies can efficiently mitigate the risks associated with animal contacts. However, the general public is frequently unaware of the specific disease risks involved, and high-risk behaviors are common. Here we describe the epidemiology and serotype distribution of Salmonella in a variety of host species. In addition, we review our current understanding of the public health risks associated with different types of contacts between humans and animals in public, professional or private settings, and, where appropriate, discuss potential risk mitigation strategies.

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Section: Mammals As Source Of Human Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal contact as a source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis

Hoelzer

Switt

Wiedmann

2011

Vet Res

426

383

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“…These bacteria were selected because of their prevalence in Korea [16] or their zoonotic character [4] from among gastroenteric bacteria. In multiplex PCR, two or more primer pairs are included in one reaction tube and two or more DNA templates are targeted simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. typhimurium is the most frequently identified serovar of Salmonella in Italy [8]. Recently, S. typhimurium was isolated from frozen vacuum-packed rodents in Texas in the USA [4]. As a source of Salmonella, rodent facilities need to be evaluated to protect human and animal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triplex PCR for the Simultaneous Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Salmonella typhimurium

et al. 2011

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Abstract:The accurate and economical diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria is necessary for the microbiological control of laboratory animals. In this study, we developed a triplex PCR method for the direct detection of three common gastroenteric bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Salmonella typhimurium. Targets were specifically amplified by conventional PCR assay using a genomic fragment from P. aeruginosa, 16S ribosomal RNA from H. hepaticus, and the invA gene from S. typhimurium. To investigate the specificity of our primers, they were tested against purified DNA from many other bacterial species. There were no amplification products from other bacteria. Under optimized conditions, the triplex assay simultaneously yielded a 726-bp product from P. aeruginosa, a 417-bp product from H. hepaticus, and a 246-bp product from S. typhimurium. The detection limits of this assay in pure culture were 10 pg for P. aeruginosa, and 0.1 pg for H. hepaticus and S. typhimurium. All three bacteria were successfully detected in the liver, cecum, and feces of experimentally infected mice. This method is a useful and convenient assay that allows the simultaneous identification of bacterial pathogens in mice. Our triplex method will be used to improve quality control in the detection of pathogenic bacterial infections in laboratory animal facilities.

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“…Isolation of Salmonella from feces requires the use of enrichment and selective media, and an appropriate laboratory is important. 714,715 Pet rodents, including rats, mice, and hamsters can also be sources of infection. 711 Infections have been associated with numerous other reptiles such as iguanas, snakes, and bearded dragons.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%