Investigation and development of an innovative pigging technique for the water-supply industry

Quarini, G L; Ainslie, E; Herbert, M; Deans, Tim; Ash, Dominic; Rhys, D; Haskins, N; Norton, Gerard F.C.; Andrews, S.; Smith, M. W.

doi:10.1243/09544089jpme312

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An interesting avenue for the application of cold‐adapted enzymes in the food processing industry is their potential use as a co‐cleaner to complete the cleaning process where crushed ice is forced through pipelines to physically remove materials causing soiling ( Quarini et al ., 2002 ). This application would extend to cleaning industrial heat exchangers ( Shire et al ., 2009 ) and water supply systems ( Quarini et al ., 2010 ).…”

Section: Use Of Cold‐adapted Enzymes For Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles

Cavicchioli

Charlton

Ertan

et al. 2011

Microbial Biotechnology

299

169

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SummaryThe bulk of the Earth's biosphere is cold (e.g. 90% of the ocean's waters are ≤ 5°C), sustaining a broad diversity of microbial life. The permanently cold environments vary from the deep ocean to alpine reaches and to polar regions. Commensurate with the extent and diversity of the ecosystems that harbour psychrophilic life, the functional capacity of the microorganisms that inhabitat the cold biosphere are equally diverse. As a result, indigenous psychrophilic microorganisms provide an enormous natural resource of enzymes that function effectively in the cold, and these cold‐adapted enzymes have been targeted for their biotechnological potential. In this review we describe the main properties of enzymes from psychrophiles and describe some of their known biotechnological applications and ways to potentially improve their value for biotechnology. The review also covers the use of metagenomics for enzyme screening, the development of psychrophilic gene expression systems and the use of enzymes for cleaning.

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Section: Use Of Cold‐adapted Enzymes For Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles

Cavicchioli

Charlton

Ertan

et al. 2011

Microbial Biotechnology

299

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has also been shown that ice that melts during the process, mainly by heat gains from the pipe walls, is transported to the front of the pig so that its back will maintain its stiff interface, and product adulteration is avoided [37]. Another advantage compared to conventional pigging is that ice pigs never get stuck as they melt away with time [38].…”

Section: Ice-piggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ice slurries for the cleaning of more complex geometry equipment such as plate or tube heat exchangers is in the focus of current research work [38][39][40]. In such geometries, additional factors such as the impact of ice volume fraction on pressure drop and flowability have to be considered [39].…”

Section: Ice-piggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Methods for Cleaning and Disinfection of Surfaces

et al. 2011

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Cleaning and disinfection are important operations in food processing because of the significant contributions to product hygiene and food safety. The transfer of residues from surfaces into a product and the contamination with adhering microorganisms must therefore be avoided with sufficient certainty. Traditional methods for the removal of adherents and inactivation of microorganisms are based on thermal, mechanical, or chemical principles and are known to be time-and energy-consuming. This has resulted in a search for alternative methods that show prospective potential for their use in food-processing plants. This review gives an overview on such methods, which are based on physical principles. In dry-ice cleaning, for example, carbon dioxide snow pellets are blasted onto a surface to remove adherents through a combined action of thermal and mechanical effects, followed by dissolution of these adherents. Ice-pigging is a procedure where an ice/ water mixture is forced through pipes, heat exchangers, or other equipment to carry off adhered substances. Another method for physical cleaning, mainly described in context with membrane filtration, is to use vibration in the ultrasonic frequency domain to reduce fouling and to stabilize permeate flux. Radiation from various sources (UV lamps, radionuclides, X-ray tubes) differs in its applicability and disinfection efficiency because of differences in energy and penetration depth. Cold plasma treatment is another promising technology that is currently under investigation for cleaning and disinfection of surfaces of inorganic and organic materials.

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“…One promising approach reported recently is based on the use of a slurry of ice for pigging, which could be easily applied in the food and beverage industries (40)(41)(42). Because these ice slurries are pumpable, they can form a soft plug capable of adapting its shape to fill complex pipe architectures, enhancing produce recovery and pipeline cleaning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications

Chen

Chan

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hydrogels are a class of soft material that is exploited in many, often completely disparate, industrial applications, on account of their unique and tunable properties. Advances in soft material design are yielding next-generation moldable hydrogels that address engineering criteria in several industrial settings such as complex viscosity modifiers, hydraulic or injection fluids, and sprayable carriers. Industrial implementation of these viscoelastic materials requires extreme volumes of material, upwards of several hundred million gallons per year. Here, we demonstrate a paradigm for the scalable fabrication of self-assembled moldable hydrogels using rationally engineered, biomimetic polymer-nanoparticle interactions. Cellulose derivatives are linked together by selective adsorption to silica nanoparticles via dynamic and multivalent interactions. We show that the self-assembly process for gel formation is easily scaled in a linear fashion from 0.5 mL to over 15 L without alteration of the mechanical properties of the resultant materials. The facile and scalable preparation of these materials leveraging self-assembly of inexpensive, renewable, and environmentally benign starting materials, coupled with the tunability of their properties, make them amenable to a range of industrial applications. In particular, we demonstrate their utility as injectable materials for pipeline maintenance and product recovery in industrial food manufacturing as well as their use as sprayable carriers for robust application of fire retardants in preventing wildland fires.hydrogels | manufacturing | nanotechnology | industrial applications | supramolecular I ndustrial settings present many unique and complicated engineering challenges. Inefficiencies arise in manufacturing because large volumes of material need to be pumped from one location to another and vast lengths of pipe of varying diameters must be cleaned frequently (1). Applications as diverse as hydraulic fracturing and cosmetics rely on processable fluids with complex viscoelastic properties. Moreover, many products and coatings are applied through spraying, which often requires uniform application and tunable retention of solvent and/or product. The advent of macromolecular chemistry has provided myriad polymeric materials that are used in diverse applications, including as food/cosmetic additives and viscosity modifiers. Several aqueous-based applications have exploited covalently cross-linked hydrogels, which comprise a class of soft materials that bind and retain large amounts of water and exhibit broadly tunable mechanical properties. However, the irreversibility of their cross-links is severely limiting and many applications would benefit enormously from new technologies allowing for stimuliresponsive aqueous viscosity modification and/or the ability to rearrange their shape in response to applied stress (2).Recent advances in supramolecular chemistry and materials science are enabling unique solutions to many critical industrial challenges via the production of mo...

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Investigation and development of an innovative pigging technique for the water-supply industry

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles

Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles

Physical Methods for Cleaning and Disinfection of Surfaces

Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications

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