Investigation and dynamic analysis of the catastrophic rockslide avalanche at Xinmo, Maoxian, after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake

Wang, Wenpei; Yin, Yueping; Yang, Longwei; Zhang, Nan; Wei, Yunjie

doi:10.1007/s10064-019-01557-4

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The maximum run-out distance, L s (measured from the rear edge of the source area to the distal edge of the deposits, seen in Figure 10F) in the numerical simulation is 2,450 m, which is close to the field investigation that was reported in , 2,418 m. However, the maximum width, L w , along the river, 1,400 m, is slightly larger than the field measurement value, 1,200 m . Figure 11a shows the simulated deposit thickness; the maximum simulated deposit thickness is 55 m, which is larger than the actual thickness, 31 m. The average deposit thickness, 10.8 m, is close to the average value, 10 m, derived from field investigation (Wang et al, 2020). In this study, a uniform contact friction angle, 22 • , between the sliding body and the sliding bed assumed is much smaller than the slope of the scraping area, which results in no blocks piling up in the entrained area and a higher deposit thickness than in reality in the area above the scrape.…”

Section: Evolutions Of Sliding Mass Positionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The LS-RAPID landslide dynamics computer software based on the liquefied model proposed by Sassa et al (2010) has successfully analyzed the long run-out landslides with characteristics of substrate liquefaction and mass amplification induced by earthquakes or rainfall. Wang et al (2020) conducted the simulation of the Xinmo Landslide using different dynamic models and their results suggested that the liquefied model is not suitable for the Xinmo rock avalanche because there is no liquefaction condition according to the field investigation. In our study, pore pressure is not taken into account and a constant friction angle is used considering the low water content of the colluvium in the path, even if there was a long time of rainfall before the slope failure (Li et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect

2020

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The mass movement process of the 2017 Xinmo catastrophic landslide was simulated using the discreet element method (DEM). Field investigation indicates that the basal entrainment is a typical feature of this landslide. Hence, the entrained colluvium on the sliding path is considered in the DEM model. According to the terrain elevation data before and after sliding, the slope geometry is divided into three parts: sliding bed, sliding body, and colluvium on the path. The blocks are generated in MATLAB and a fill-remove method has been used to produce the loose colluvium. The key parameter, contact friction angel, which controls the mobility of mass movement, has been obtained through displacement back analysis. The simulated deposit area and main sliding time coincide with actual landslide characteristics. Simulation results indicate that the colluvium is pushed to the bottom of the Songpinggou Valley by the sliding body. The local topography has a significant influence on the sliding direction. Some typical phenomena of substrate entrainment, including frontal plowing, mass spray, shear zones in substrate, thickened substrate, and basal abrasion, are observed in the DEM simulation. During the entrainment process, the frontal plowing, or the thrust, plays an important role in creating the substrate failure compared with basal abrasion. After the failure of the whole colluvium, the magnitude of thrust descends quickly but is still slightly larger than that of shear thrust. Entrainment of dry material on the slope leads to more friction energy consumption and reduces the mobility of mass movement. This work shows a good capability of simulating entrainment of dry materials using a discreet element method and highlights the significance of plowing relative to the basal abrasion under conditions of limited path material supply.

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Section: Evolutions Of Sliding Mass Positionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect

2020

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“…Through repeated material ratio tests, it is determined that the ratio of the simulated rock material is gypsum:clay:river sand:water = 1:5.38:1.52:0.27, and the ratio of the weak structure plane simulated material is clay:river sand:water = 1:6.89:0.25. Through density tests, direct shear tests, and triaxial compression tests, the density of the rock material is 1.908 g/cm 3 , the cohesion is 15.5 kPa, the internal friction angle is 37.9 • , the density of the structural surface material is 1.72 g/cm 3 . The cohesion force is 2.7 kPa and the internal friction angle is 41.7 • .…”

Section: Design and Manufacture Of Slope Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent seismic activity and a fragile geological environment are factors that easily induce large-scale landslides. The Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake, and Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake have all caused a large number of slope collapses [1][2][3][4]. The bedding rock slope is a very common type of slope distributed in the Sichuan-Tibet railway construction area [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Response Time-Frequency Analysis of Bedding Rock Slope

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Front. Phys.

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According to the potential disaster points of the rock bedding slope with a weak structural plane along the Sichuan Tibet railway, the shaking table test of earthquake simulation was designed and carried out. The acceleration response and displacement response of the slope under different input earthquake conditions were monitored, and the HHT method was mainly used to analyze the seismic response of the slope. The results show that the rock bedding slope shows obvious "elevation effect" and "surface effect" under the action of seismic waves of different intensities. With the increase of the amplitude value of the input earthquake, the elevation effect and the surface effect gradually weakened. When the amplitude of the seismic wave reached 0.9 g, the movement inconsistency of the slope on both sides increased, and the slope gradually separated from the main body of the slope, resulting in slope instability. The characteristics of the seismic signal in the time-frequency domain can be better described by the Hilbert-Huang transform. In the time domain, the energy is mainly concentrated in 2-6 and 12-15 s, and the predominant frequency is concentrated between 5 and 40 hz. With the increase of elevation, the former increases and the latter decreases. In addition, the change of the peak value of the marginal spectrum can clearly show the development process of the earthquake damage inside the slope. At the height of 100 cm, the inflection point can be seen obviously in the slope. It shows that the damage occurs at the height of 100 cm, and the degree of earthquake damage near the slope is stronger than that inside the slope. The recognition results of marginal spectrum are in good agreement with the experimental results.

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“…When high-intensity earthquakes occur, strong ground vibrations may induce large-scale landslides [3,4]. For example [5][6][7], the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake triggered about 60,000 landslides, which caused the injuries and deaths of more than 20,000 people. Five years later, the magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Lushan also triggered more than 3,800 landslides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking Table Test on Dynamic Response of Bedding Rock Slopes With Weak Structural Plane Under Earthquake

Yang¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Front. Phys.

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Taking a bedding rock slope with weak structural plane as the prototype, a shaking table test with a similarity ratio of 1:10 is designed and carried out. By analyzing the acceleration and displacement responses at different positions of the slope, the seismic response and instability mechanism of rock bedding slope under different seismic amplitudes, frequencies, and durations are studied. Before the failure of the slope, the rock bedding slope shows an obvious “elevation effect” and “surface effect” under the action of Wenchuan Wolong earthquake wave with different amplitudes. With the increase of the amplitude of the input seismic wave, the elevation effect and the surface effect gradually weaken. When the amplitude of the seismic wave reaches 0.9 g, the rock bedding slope begins to show damage, which demonstrates that the difference of PGA amplification coefficients on both sides of the weak structural plane increases significantly. Compared with the Kobe seismic wave and Wenchuan Wolong seismic wave, the excellent frequency of EL Centro seismic wave is closer to the first-order natural frequency of slope model and produces resonance phenomenon, which leads to the elevation effect of PGA amplification coefficient more significantly. Through the analysis of the instability process of rock bedding slope, it can be found that the failure mechanism of the slope can be divided into two stages: the formation of sliding shear plane and the overall instability of the slope.

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Investigation and dynamic analysis of the catastrophic rockslide avalanche at Xinmo, Maoxian, after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect

Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect

Seismic Response Time-Frequency Analysis of Bedding Rock Slope

Shaking Table Test on Dynamic Response of Bedding Rock Slopes With Weak Structural Plane Under Earthquake

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