Investigation and Management of Lower Limb Septic Arthritis in Children: An Update Using the Latest British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Trauma (BOAST) Guidelines

Abstract

Septic arthritis is a serious condition in children, with the hip and knee joints most typically affected. Patients typically present with pain, joint swelling, fever, and an inability to bear weight. Early recognition and treatment are crucial, as untreated septic arthritis can lead to serious complications, including sepsis, irreversible joint damage, growth problems, and early-onset arthritis. Clinical signs, inflammatory markers, and imaging are used for the diagnosis of septic arthritis. The mainstay of management includes antibiotic therapy and surgical washout. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for complications.