Investigation and Optimization of Energy Consumption for Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator with an Innovative Powertrain

Nguyen, Van Hien; Do, Tri Cuong; Ahn, Kyoung Kwan

doi:10.3390/act12100382

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the article [14], a relatively complex powertrain architecture for a hydraulic hybrid excavator implementing a CVT transmission is presented. Through connecting a diesel engine to an excavator's main hydraulic pump via a continuous variable transmission, precise control of both the engine's rpm and torque is enabled and the operating points at high efficiencies are enabled.…”

Section: Review Of the State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Hybrid Cut-to-Length Forest Harvester—Evaluation of Effects on Productivity and Fuel Efficiency

Einola,

Kivi

2024

Actuators

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A cut-to-length (CTL) forest harvester is a purpose-built, hydraulically actuated mobile work machine used for felling, delimbing, and cross-cutting trees into dimensions and assortments. In such a machine, the diesel engine load is known to fluctuate greatly over the work cycle. To manage these changing power demands, a hydraulic hybrid system is implemented into a full-scale proof-of-concept machine to discover its functionality and to collect experimental results in real operating conditions. The hydraulic hybrid system installed on a CTL harvester machine was tuned to enable the collection of two actual datasets of timber harvesting, and data collection over a period of production use was carried out. In addition to updating the state-of-the-art research into heavy non-road mobile machinery regarding hybrid systems, this paper discusses the two tests carried out in actual production conditions with the studied hydraulic hybrid system. The adaptations and modifications to the studied and tested system since earlier papers are discussed—especially the improvements in the system dynamics and response as well as the control of the hybrid system. In conclusion, the tested system can be said to operate satisfactorily and shows clear advantages over the conventional system, even though it still has some limitations. The results show that the system has the potential to increase the productivity of the machine through the demonstrated higher peak power, as well as showing improvement in fuel efficiency under highly fluctuating loads, especially with heavy or large-volume tree stems.

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Section: Review Of the State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Hybrid Cut-to-Length Forest Harvester—Evaluation of Effects on Productivity and Fuel Efficiency

Einola,

Kivi

2024

Actuators

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“…Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) is a device that can provide infinite gear ratios between two finite limits. Therefore, it can provide optimum gear ratios for transmission and thus improve the energy efficiency of IC engines [1], pure electric vehicles [2], hybrid electric vehicles [3], hybrid hydraulic excavators [4], wind turbines [5,6], mobile robots [7], or any other robotic application [8]. In addition to energy efficiency, tractionbased CVT can not only improve the back drivability of robots but can also improve the inherent force-limiting capabilities of robotic systems in a human-robot interactive environment [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Continuously Variable Transmission with Circumferentially Arranged Disks (CAD CVT)

Bilal,

Zhu,

Qureshi

et al. 2024

Actuators

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This paper presents a novel Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) design. CVT is highly beneficial for actuators with rotary output as it can improve the energy efficiency of the actuators by providing an optimum transmission ratio. This property of CVT is highly beneficial for fossil-fuel-based vehicles, electric vehicles, wind turbines, industrial robots, etc. With the exception of Spherical CVT and DH CVT, all known CVTs like push belt CVTs, toroidal CVTs, Milner CVTs, etc., require additional gear sets and clutches for direction reversal and neutral gear ratio. However, Spherical CVT and DH CVT have low torque capacity due to a single traction point constraint. Foregoing in view, a new CVT named CAD CVT has been developed. The paper presents the design conception, the operating principle, the transmission ratio, the torque capacity, frictional losses, and experimental verification of the basic functionality by manufacturing a Proof of Concept (PoC). The proposed CVT is the only CVT capable of independent direction reversal and high torque capacity as it can transmit torque through multiple traction points. The new CVT will significantly impact high-torque applications in different engineering applications, especially land transport consisting of heavy vehicles like trucks, buses, and trailers.

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Implementing PSO-LSTM-GRU Hybrid Neural Networks for Enhanced Control and Energy Efficiency of Excavator Cylinder Displacement

Nguyen,

Do,

Ahn

2024

Mathematics

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In recent years, increasing attention has been given to reducing energy consumption in hydraulic excavators, resulting in extensive research in this field. One promising solution has been the integration of hydrostatic transmission (HST) and hydraulic pump/motor (HPM) configurations in parallel systems. However, these systems face challenges such as noise, throttling losses, and leakage, which can negatively impact both tracking accuracy and energy efficiency. To address these issues, this paper introduces an intelligent real-time prediction framework for system positioning, incorporating particle swarm optimization (PSO), long short-term memory (LSTM), a gated recurrent unit (GRU), and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. The process begins by analyzing real-time system data using Pearson correlation to identify hyperparameters with medium to strong correlations to the positioning parameters. These selected hyperparameters are then used as inputs for forecasting models. Independent LSTM and GRU models are subsequently developed to predict the system’s position, with PSO optimizing four key hyperparameters of these models. In the final stage, the PSO-optimized LSTM-GRU models are employed to perform real-time intelligent predictions of motion trajectories within the system. Simulation and experimental results show that the model achieves a prediction deviation of less than 3 mm, ensuring precise real-time predictions and providing reliable data for system operators. Compared to traditional PID and LSTM-GRU-PID controllers, the proposed controller demonstrated superior tracking accuracy while also reducing energy consumption, achieving energy savings of up to 10.89% and 2.82% in experimental tests, respectively.

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Investigation and Optimization of Energy Consumption for Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator with an Innovative Powertrain

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Hydraulic Hybrid Cut-to-Length Forest Harvester—Evaluation of Effects on Productivity and Fuel Efficiency

Hydraulic Hybrid Cut-to-Length Forest Harvester—Evaluation of Effects on Productivity and Fuel Efficiency

A Novel Continuously Variable Transmission with Circumferentially Arranged Disks (CAD CVT)

Implementing PSO-LSTM-GRU Hybrid Neural Networks for Enhanced Control and Energy Efficiency of Excavator Cylinder Displacement

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