Investigation and standardisation of electrolysers for green hydrogen production using the test infrastructure in Bremerhaven, Germany

Abstract

To realise the installation targets of 10 GW electrolysis capacity in Germany and 40 GW in the EU until 2030, extensive standardisation and testing is required. The electrical characteristics of electrolysers need to be fully understood and mastered for a reliable operation within distribution grids and decoupled grids of systems to produce green hydrogen, e.g. off-shore. Using a modular test infrastructure and multi-functional test pads, electrolysers, but also fuel cells and CHP units, can be tested in emulated grid conditions. To emphasize the range of feasibility regarding testing, three different scenarios were developed, covering the challenges between single unit grid connection and offshore hydrogen production. The test results serve as input for standardisation committees to expand existing and develop new guidelines.

An Overview of the Arguments in Literature, For and Against the Use of Green Hydrogen for the Production of Direct Reduced Iron

“…The use of green hydrogen as a clean energy source has the potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in various industries, including steel production through the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) process. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power, to electrolyse water, resulting in hydrogen gas and oxygen [8]. Compared to traditional methods that rely on natural gas or coal, green hydrogen offers a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for energy production [9].…”

Challenges of Industrial-Scale Testing Infrastructure for Green Hydrogen Technologies

“…The current development of electrolysers is clearly focusing on the MW scale and beyond. This means that the test site must supply all utilities in sufficient quantity and quality and it must be designed to safely handle large quantities of H 2 gas in line with legal regulations [17]. Furthermore, test facilities need to be as flexible as possible to accommodate different types of electrolysers (PEMEL, AEL, SOEL) and be adaptable to meet demands arising from yet unforeseeable future developments.…”