Investigation into Mechanical, Thermal and Water Absorption Behaviors of Cocos nucifera Shell Filler Reinforced Vinyl Ester Polymeric Composites

Gnanaraj, J. David; Mothilal, S.; Vignesh, V.; Karthick, T.; Ismail, Sikiru Oluwarotimi; Rajini, N.; Rabi, B. Raja Mohamed; Siengchin, Suchart; Mohammad, Faruq

doi:10.1007/s10924-021-02343-8

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Although the hybrid filler concentration was below 15 wt%, it was found that void development was under control, which helped explain why the hybrid composites had good load-transfer capabilities. 27 On the other hand, a noticeably higher level of void development was seen when the filler percentage was raised from 15 to 24 wt%. Both flexural strength and flexural modulus appear to have significantly decreased as a result of a spike in filler reinforcement of over 24 wt%.…”

Section: Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of hybrid filler loading (Polyalthia longifolia seed and graphite) on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester composites

Manikandan,

Sathish Gandhi,

Kumaravelan

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This research paper focuses on the use of solid biomass waste, specifically a combination of Polyalthia longifolia seed (PLSF) and graphite (GH) powder, as reinforcements in vinyl ester (VE) composites. The composites were produced via the hand layup method, with the filler concentration varying from 0 to 15 wt% of PLSF and 0–9 wt% of graphite. The objective was to examine the influence of the hybrid filler on the mechanical characteristics of the composites. The mechanical properties of composites prepared from P. longifolia seeds and graphite powder were experimentally characterized. These properties included tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness. The hybrid composite had a maximum tensile strength of 48.4 MPa, and its tensile modulus was 1.66 GPa. The hybrid filler at 15% wt% of PLSF and 6% of graphite has the highest flexural strength, which is around 148 MPa. The ultimate impact strength and hardness were measured to be 41.3 kJ/m2 and 44.5, respectively, after the addition of 15 and 6 wt% of hybrid filler. In comparison to neat vinyl ester resin, the PLSF/GH‐VE composites exhibited an increase in tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness of 2.69, 1.82, 3.03, and 1.59 times, respectively. Hybrid composite surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopes to determine surface characteristics and fractured surfaces. In addition, the PLSF/GH‐VE composites have been utilized in the production of components for four‐wheelers.Highlights Investigated the impact of hybrid filler‐reinforced vinyl ester composites. Mechanical and thermal properties were experimentally characterized. Surface characteristics and fractured surfaces were examined. PLSF/GH‐VE composites are used in producing components for four‐wheelers.

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Section: Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of hybrid filler loading (Polyalthia longifolia seed and graphite) on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester composites

Manikandan,

Sathish Gandhi,

Kumaravelan

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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“…Vinyl polymers may generally be divided into three types: thermoplastics, thermosetting (vinyl ester), and elastomers. [3][4][5] In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in the usage of composite materials made of vinyl ester matrix and plantbased natural fiber reinforcements. In recent years, there has been a significant growth in the usage of natural fiber derived from plants as reinforcement in polymer matrix, because the natural fibers might take the role of synthetic fibers like glass, aramid, and carbon in polymeric materials due to their many benefits, including their ease of accessibility, low price, light in weight, and renewability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on physical, mechanical, morphological and water absorption properties of ramie/hemp/kevlar reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites

Jagadeesh

Puttegowda

Girijappa

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Structural uses in the vehicle, aerospace, and sporting goods industries are being supplanted by hybrid composites that utilized natural fibers as reinforcements. The main focus of this work is to fabricate and characterize the ramie, hemp, and kevlar fabric reinforced hybrid vinyl ester composites. The composite laminates were fabricated via economically feasible and flexible hand lay‐up technique. Overall six composites were prepared by varying the stacking sequence, including both hybrid and non‐hybrid composites. The prepared composites were subjected to physical analysis (density, void fraction), mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and impact test), morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy), and water absorption test. The hybrid composites exhibited lesser void percentage than the non‐hybrid composites. The mechanical properties were maximum for kevlar fabric skinned with core natural fabric reinforced composites (L‐5, L‐6) due to hybridization of highly strengthened kevlar fabrics. Moreover, the number fabric layers reinforced to achieve the standard thickness also affected the mechanical properties. All composite morphologies exhibited the same failure characteristics, including transverse interlaminar shear cracking, microbuckling, and fiber rip. The texture of the Kevlar yarns is uniform, but the texture of the natural fabric yarns is relatively less uniform. In comparison to the salt water medium, the percentage of water absorbed by composites in normal and distilled water was greater. This is due to the presence and accumulation of salt particles on the surface of the materials, which inhibits the action of water molecules, resulting in a drop in the proportion.

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“…However, the high hydrophilicity of plant fiber usually results in poor interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties when used as a reinforcing fiber. In addition, the composites are prone to water absorption and humidity aging in a humid environment, which greatly limits their wide range of industrial applications 6,7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the composites are prone to water absorption and humidity aging in a humid environment, which greatly limits their wide range of industrial applications. 6,7 Many chemical and physical treatments have been developed for the modification of plant fiber. [8][9][10] For example, water treatment, alkali treatment, and heat treatment are used to remove pectin, fructose, lipids, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on water absorption of hydrophobically modified ramie fiber and the reinforced polypropylene composites

Kang

Han

Wang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To study the effects of fiber surface hydrophobicity on water absorption of composites, ramie fiber was hydrophobically modified with polydopamine/ octadecylamine and then used to reinforce polypropylene. The fiber modification was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrometry, contact angle, and water absorption. The mechanical properties and water absorption of the composites were also characterized.The results indicated that polydopamine/octadecylamine was successfully grafted onto the fiber surface. With the increase of octadecylamine concentration, the fiber surface became more and more hydrophobic, and its contact angle achieved a maximum of 118 ± 2.97 when octadecylamine concentration was 8 g/L. However, the modified fiber remained a high level of saturated water absorption of 6.53% ± 0.09%. For composites, when the octadecylamine concentration was 0.5 g/L, its water absorption showed the lowest value of 1.81% ± 0.09%. With more octadecylamine was grafted onto the fiber, the water absorption did not decrease continuously but showed a small growth peak. It is concluded that water absorption of composites is greatly affected by water absorption of fiber. The surface hydrophobic modification on fiber is beneficial to improve its surface hydrophobicity and inhibit the interfacial water absorption between fiber and matrix. However, it fails to the improve internal hydrophobicity of the fiber, nor does it inhibit the fiber in composites from absorbing water.

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Investigation into Mechanical, Thermal and Water Absorption Behaviors of Cocos nucifera Shell Filler Reinforced Vinyl Ester Polymeric Composites

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Effect of hybrid filler loading (Polyalthia longifolia seed and graphite) on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester composites

Effect of hybrid filler loading (Polyalthia longifolia seed and graphite) on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester composites

Investigations on physical, mechanical, morphological and water absorption properties of ramie/hemp/kevlar reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites

Study on water absorption of hydrophobically modified ramie fiber and the reinforced polypropylene composites

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