“…The augmentations reported may be due to combined effect of two factors, namely (a) the enhanced turbulence mixing by distorting the flow fields caused by the presence of ribs and (b) the extension in heat transfer surfaces, fin effect, provided by the ribs. Can and Etemoglu [21] transfer by using turbulence promoters to artificially raise the turbulence level. They observed that the increase in the heat transfer was not significant.…”