Investigation into pressure dependence of flame speed for fuels with low and high octane sensitivity through blending ethanol

Fan, Qinhao; Qi, Yunliang; Wang, Yingdi; Wang, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.040

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…At 450 K, as the pressure increases, the ET mixture's LBV decreases and drops below HT due to ethanol's pressure dependence. Although not shown in another LBV study at same conditions, this pressure dependence was indicated in the flame speed data collected by Fan et al [15] through an optical rapid compression machine. At ambient pressure, Van Lipzig et al [11] does present LBV results for 50% (by volume) blends composed of either ethanol, n-heptane, or isooctane.…”

Section: Binary Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Dirrenberger et al also showed how the combination of these components was representative of conventional gasoline fuel at atmospheric pressure and 358 K. Their work reported that the influence of 15% (in volume) ethanol addition to their gasoline surrogate was negligible, and the difference was slightly accentuated (< 6% in LBV) for lean mixtures. More recently, Fan et al [15] studied different ethanol blending ratios in a TPRF blend to form ethanol toluene primary reference fuels (ETPRF) mixtures, where they concluded that ethanol had a stronger pressure dependence of flame speed than toluene in the blend. Their work provided the relative magnitude of flame speed's pressure dependence between ethanol and toluene; however, the flame speed measurements obtained through a rapid compression machine can be significantly different from laminar burning velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ethanol Addition on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasoline Surrogates With Toluene

Shankar

Fang

Hinton

et al. 2022

ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference

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Laminar burning velocity (LBV) is a crucial parameter in many practical combustion simulations, and the acquisition of LBVs is a critical step for evaluating potential alternative fuels and/or suitable surrogates. Ethanol is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels, particularly for spark ignition engines, as it may be produced from renewable biomass. While there exists data showing the pressure dependence on ethanol’s LBV compared to iso-octane and n-heptane (primary reference fuels (PRFs)), the relative magnitude of the pressure dependence of LBV between ethanol and toluene has not been established. The inclusion of toluene is important because commercial gasoline has significant levels of aromatics. In this work, common gasoline surrogate components of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, and ethanol were studied as pure compounds and in equal volume binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures. Experiments are conducted in a spherical combustion bomb at elevated temperatures (380 K and 450 K) and pressures (1 to 4 bar). Under these conditions, ethanol and n-heptane present faster LBVs than iso-octane and toluene, particularly at 450 K. Ethanol and iso-octane present strong pressure dependence, with this effect accentuated at higher temperature conditions. As equal volume mixtures were studied, the effect of these distinct behaviours was examined in comparison to chemical kinetic predictions and widely used mixing rules.

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Section: Binary Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol Addition on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasoline Surrogates With Toluene

Shankar

Fang

Hinton

et al. 2022

ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, ethanol has faster laminar flame speed and stronger pressure dependence of flame speed than aromatics and alkanes [51,58]. As the ethanol content gets higher, the maximum HRR decreases and φ auto approaches closer to the top dead center.…”

Section: In-cylinder Pressure and Heat Release Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into ethanol effects on combustion and particle number emissions in a spark-ignition to compression-ignition (SICI) engine

Fan

Liu

et al. 2021

Energy

Self Cite

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“…Additionally, warm or hot weather may cause so-called steam/vapor lock. This is in addition to the fuel's incompatibility with some parts of the engine's metals [67,68]. Ethanol being miscible with water is one of its major drawbacks.…”

Section: Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Elfasakhany

2021

Energies

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Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).

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Investigation into pressure dependence of flame speed for fuels with low and high octane sensitivity through blending ethanol

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Effect of Ethanol Addition on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasoline Surrogates With Toluene

Effect of Ethanol Addition on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasoline Surrogates With Toluene

Investigation into ethanol effects on combustion and particle number emissions in a spark-ignition to compression-ignition (SICI) engine

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

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