Investigation into the heredity of congenital lateral patellar (sub) luxation in the Shetland pony

Hermans, W. A.; Kersjes, A. W.; Mey, G.J.W. van der; Dik, K. J.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1987.9694070

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Lateral luxation of the patella in foals has been associated with hypoplasia of the lateral trochlear ridge (Rooney et al 1971) and traumatic rupture of the medial patellar ligament (Kobluk 1993). Lateral patellar luxation also occurs as an autosomal recessive trait in Shetland ponies (Hermans et al 1987). In equids, medial patellar luxation is usually prevented by the substantial nature of the medial femoral trochlear ridge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical correction of a medial patellar luxation in a foal using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique

Hart¹,

Jann

Moorman

2009

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A 24‐hour‐old male Shetland pony was presented for evaluation of unilateral hindlimb lameness of unknown duration. Physical and radiographic findings confirmed a diagnosis of medial luxation of the patella. A traumatic or congenital aetiology was suspected but could not be confirmed. Surgical correction of the luxation, using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique, was carried out. At 6 months follow‐up, no discernbile lameness could be observed. In the literature, descriptions of medially luxated patellae in equids are rare. Published reports describing the use of peri‐ and intra‐articular surgical techiques for the correction of luxated patellae in equids are widely available. The modified recession trochleoplasty employed in this case may offer advantages over previously published techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical correction of a medial patellar luxation in a foal using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique

Hart¹,

Jann

Moorman

2009

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…The Shetland pony is an excellent breed for this purpose as it is genetically adapted to survive the harsh conditions on the Shetland Islands and, therefore, is easily overfed under less demanding conditions in our 'horse as a companion animal' s o c i e t y. Stifle joint motion problems, e.g. patella fixation and luxation, are also common in Shetland ponies and are, in most cases, treated initially by giving training advice to increase muscle strength (Hermans et al 1987;Stashak 1987). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lateral heel wedges on sagittal and transverse plane kinematics of trotting Shetland ponies and the influence of feeding and training regimes

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Remmen²,

Knaap³

et al. 2003

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Lateral heel wedges are used to treat horses and ponies with patella fixation or bone spavin. However, these therapies are purely empirically based and lack scientific evidence. Objectives: Lateral heel wedges would change joint motion in the sagittal, but mainly in the transversal planes, in healthy horses. This effect would be increased by restricted feeding and decreased by extra training. M e t h o d s :A g roup of 24 Shetland ponies age 3 years was used, as foals had been assigned to restricted and ad libitum (ad lib) feeding, and low and high level training groups of 6 animals each. An experienced judge evaluated passive patella luxation in the square standing pony, using a score of 0 (normal) to 4 (stationary patella luxation). The motion of the markers, glued to the skin covering skeletal landmarks on the left foreand hindlimbs, was recorded 3 dimensionally at a frequency of 300 Hz using a modified CODA-3 apparatus while trotting on a treadmill at a speed of 3.0 m/sec, before and directly after 5 °l ateral heel wedges had been applied to the hindlimbs. A f t e r data analysis, the kinematic variables in the sagittal and transversal plane, under these 3 conditions (wedge, feeding, training), were compared statistically using a multivariate repeated measures analysis, general linear model (P<0.05). R e s u l t s : In the sagittal plane, an acute change in hind hoof conformation resulted in a less animated trot with a less p rotracted forelimb and less hindlimb flexion. This is s i m i l a r, although less pronounced, to the decrease in limb flexion re p o rted previously as a result of restricted feeding. M o re specifically, lateral heel wedges resulted in significant changes in the transversal plane angles of all joints in the hindlimb. The stifle joint became maximally 1.8° more adducted just before the end of the stance phase, while the tarsal joint was 2.9° and fetlock joint 4.7° more abducted (P<0.05). In the restricted feeding group, stifle joint adduction was 8.5° and tarsal joint abduction 5.6° larger than in the ad libitum feeding group (P<0.05). The patella luxation score was also significantly higher in this gro u p (1.8) compared to ponies fed ad libitum ( 0 . 9 ) . Conclusions:The acute effects of lateral heel wedges on the equine locomotor system in the transversal plane movement relieve tension from the medial patellar ligament and decrease pressure on the medial side of the tarsal joint. However, the fetlock joint experiences considerably more out of plane stress. Poor body condition resulted in a 2x worse patella luxation score, while the effect on stifle and tarsal joint movement in the transversal plane was almost 5x and 2x larger, respectively, than a lateral wedge. Potential relevance: The clinical importance of general body condition for maintaining lateral stability in the equine hindlimbs is established, but future research may prove that wedges are beneficial to treat patella fixation and bone spavin in the long term.

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“…Etiology of the digital dysgenesia is not known, but genetic causes are hypothesized, although not demonstrated. In some orthopedic pathologies, such as the lateral luxation of the patella, the homozygosity of a simple autosomal recessive gene was suggested to be involved [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Agenesia in Martina Franca Donkey Foal: A Case Report

Robbe

Carluccio

Gloria

et al. 2012

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Investigation into the heredity of congenital lateral patellar (sub) luxation in the Shetland pony

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Surgical correction of a medial patellar luxation in a foal using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique

Surgical correction of a medial patellar luxation in a foal using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique

Effect of lateral heel wedges on sagittal and transverse plane kinematics of trotting Shetland ponies and the influence of feeding and training regimes

Digital Agenesia in Martina Franca Donkey Foal: A Case Report

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