Investigation into the inhibition of methane hydrate formation in the presence of hydroxy-terminated poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)

Wan, Li; Liang, Deqing; Ding, Qihang; Hou, Guodong

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.001

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This Review does not include studies on cyclic amides done with different experimental procedures (e.g., isothermal tests), equipment types, gas compositions, or experimental conditions (i.e., initial pressure); however, many studies have pointed out the above listed KHIs as high-performing KHIs but without a systematic review. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top five polymers with low cloud points are: This Review does not include studies on cyclic amides done with different experimental procedures (e.g., isothermal tests), equipment types, gas compositions, or experimental conditions (i.e., initial pressure); however, many studies have pointed out the above listed KHIs as high-performing KHIs but without a systematic review. 216,217 The effect of the polymer concentration, molecular weight, monomer ratio, and ring size of lactam-based polymers on the performance was also discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors Based on Cyclic Amides and Effect of Various Synergists

Singh

Suri

2021

Energy Fuels

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This Review presents a comprehensive literature review of an important class of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) that is based on cyclic amides (lactams). The major aspects of the KHIs, such as their synthesis, inhibition mechanism, toxicity, biodegradability, performance, and cloud point, are thoroughly discussed. Data for 70 KHIs made of homo/co/terpolymers from 330 experiments are collected and evaluated for performance. The effects of the inhibitor concentration, molecular weight, monomer ratio of the co/terpolymers, and 35 different synergist chemicals on various KHIs are also studied. In conclusion, the top 10 KHIs with the highest performances that had a cloud point above 70 °C are presented. The copolymer (1:1) N-vinylpyrrolidone/N-vinyl-caprolactam (VP/VCap) is found to have the highest induction time (IT) of 13 to 14 h at 0.25 wt % and at a cooling rate of 1 °C/h. Some KHIs like Inhibex BIO-800 and poly(N-vinyl azacyclooctanone) (PVACO) also have a very high ITs (17 and 13.5 h, respectively) at 0.25 wt % and at a cooling rate of 1 °C/h, but they have low cloud points (<25 °C). Guanidinium salts (n-Bu6GuanCl/n-Bu6GuanBr) and a phosphonium salt, (n-Pe)4PBr, are found to be the best synergists for the cyclic-amide-based KHIs. When used at 0.15 to 0.30 wt % along with the KHIs, they further increase the IT by 3–5 h.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors Based on Cyclic Amides and Effect of Various Synergists

Singh

Suri

2021

Energy Fuels

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“…Liang and co-workers − developed several KHIs and evaluated their inhibitive performance using cryo-scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Tang et al found that the inhibitive effect of the self-made KHIs known as GH11 was affected by the gas composition.…”

Section: Ldhi Research In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long and co-workers , created a novel block copolymer poly( N -vinyl caprolactam)-co-acrylamide (PVCap- co -AM) and a random copolymer of N -vinyl caprolactam and 1-vinylimidazole (PVCap-co-VIM). Wan et al synthesized hydroxy-terminated poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCap–OH). All these substances displayed better inhibitive performance than commercial KHIs (PVP and PVCap).…”

Section: Ldhi Research In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Natural Gas Hydrate Flow Assurance Research in China: A Review

Shi¹,

Song²,

Duan³

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Natural gas hydrates (NGH) are prone to causing pipeline blockage in flow assurance, attracting considerable attention in the petroleum industry. This work reviews the significant progress in hydrate flow assurance research in China. Gas hydrate structures are briefly introduced to provide a basic understanding, while the application and development of hydrate management strategies in China are summarized. Subsequently, the development and improvement of hydrate phase equilibrium models are presented, which have been widely applied to the practical challenges of flow assurance. Moreover, kinetics research involving hydrate nucleation, growth, and decomposition are summarized, including nucleation mechanisms, induction time, memory effect, hydrate growth at different interfaces, hydrate growth at a microscopic level, and hydrate decomposition under different systems. The current research status of hydrate slurry flow is also analyzed in detail, covering the viscosity and flow resistance of hydrate slurry and the mechanisms of hydrate particle aggregation, deposition, and blockage. In addition, even though the numerical models of hydrate slurry multiphase flow have been sorted out, the accurate quantitative calculations and risk assessments are still in the initial stage, presenting significant room for improvement. Although substantial research progress has been made in China regarding gas hydrate flow assurance, considerable effort should be devoted to further understanding the intrinsic mechanism work to improve the applicability of various models. This review discusses the current developments, existing problems, and future prospects in the various basic hydrate flow assurance fields in China. It aims to provide readers with an overview of hydrate flow assurance research in China, hoping to provide a reference for developing this field.

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“…Two years later, the hydroxy-terminated PVCSCOOH (PVCap-OH) was explored by the same research group. The PVCap-OH not only improved the KHI performance but also increased the cloud point by 10.6 °C compared to the normal PVCap …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinylsulfonamides as Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors

2020

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Kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) polymers have been used for over 25 years to prevent gas hydrate formation in oil and gas production flow lines. KHI polymers are water-soluble at hydrate formation conditions, and most of them contain amide (−NH–C(O)−) functional groups. The water solubility is due to their strong hydrophilicity and hydrogen-bonding ability. In this report, we have investigated various classes of polyvinylsulfonamides as KHIs for the first time. The carbonyl moiety in the amide group can be replaced with the sulfonyl moiety to give the isosteric sulfonamide group (−NH–S(O)2−) which has two oxygen atoms. Similar to amides, the hydrogen atoms in sulfonamides are relatively acidic because the charge formed in the conjugate base can be stabilized by resonance. In addition, sulfonamides are not easily hydrolyzed under hot acidic conditions, a problem that is known for some polyamide KHIs which can affect their performance in the field. Here, we report the synthesis and KHI performance of a range of polyvinylsulfonamides. Tests were conducted under high pressure with a structure II-forming natural gas mixture in steel rocking cells. The performance of the best polymers was similar to that of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) with comparable molecular weight, which is a well-known commercial KHI polymer.

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Investigation into the inhibition of methane hydrate formation in the presence of hydroxy-terminated poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Review of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors Based on Cyclic Amides and Effect of Various Synergists

Review of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors Based on Cyclic Amides and Effect of Various Synergists

Status of Natural Gas Hydrate Flow Assurance Research in China: A Review

Polyvinylsulfonamides as Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors

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