Investigation into the sources of persistent ground-penetrating radar false alarms: data collection, excavation, and analysis

Rosen, Eric; Blackburn, Alex C.; Ayers, Elizabeth; Bishop, Steven R.

doi:10.1117/12.489023

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Vertically, the water content gradationally varies due to capillary rise (Johnson et al 2001) or downward redistribution after infiltration, even in perfectly homogeneous sediments. Horizontally, the water content varies as a result of inhomogeneous soil properties (Rosen et al 2003). Over time, the water content is affected by precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and evapotranspiration.…”

Section: Soil Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of landmine signatures under different soil conditions: implications for sensor fusion

Dam

Borchers

Hendrickx

2005

International Journal of Systems Science

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Most sensors for the detection of buried landmines are influenced by the properties of the soil that surrounds the mine. The temporal and spatial variability in soil properties accounts for a significant part of the detection uncertainty that is associated with most sensors. In particular, most sensor types (e.g. ground-penetrating radar, thermal infrared cameras, and chemical sniffers) are affected by the water content of the soil. However, each sensor type reacts in its own way to variations in soil water content and other soil properties. The resulting variation in sensor performance has serious implications for sensor fusion operations. We show how knowledge of soil physics can contribute to a better understanding of sensor performance and can lead to improved data fusion.

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Section: Soil Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of landmine signatures under different soil conditions: implications for sensor fusion

Dam

Borchers

Hendrickx

2005

International Journal of Systems Science

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“…Soil can have significantly varying density within a small region. 5 Roots of vegetation can hold water. Recent rain or snow can lead to variable moisture content within the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-dependent fusion for landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar

et al. 2007

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We present a novel method for fusing the results of multiple landmine detection algorithms that use different types of features and different classification methods. The proposed fusion method, called Context-Dependent Fusion (CDF) is motivated by the fact that the relative performance of different detectors can vary significantly depending on the mine type, geographical site, soil and weather conditions, and burial depth. The training part of CDF has two components: context extraction and algorithm fusion. In context extraction, the features used by the different algorithms are combined and used to partition the feature space into groups of similar signatures, or contexts. The algorithm fusion component assigns an aggregation weight to each detector in each context based on its relative performance within the context. Results on large and diverse Ground Penetrating Radar data collections show that the proposed method can identify meaningful and coherent clusters and that different expert algorithms can be identified for the different contexts. Our initial experiments have also indicated that the context-dependent fusion outperforms all individual detectors.

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“…Even though GPR seems to be making a careful entrance in the humanitarian demining user community 3 , all sensors (including GPR and metal detectors) experience difficulties reducing their false alarm rates while maintaining a large probability of detection under all conditions. Spatial and temporal variability in soil conditions are among the primary causes for non-optimal performance of sensors, discrimination algorithms, and sensor fusion algorithms 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A controlled outdoor test site for evaluation of soil effects on landmine detection sensors

Dam

Hendrickx

Borchers

et al. 2004

Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX

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Previous modeling studies and experimental work have demonstrated that soil physical properties have a significant effect on most sensors for the detection of buried land mines. While a modeling approach allows for testing of the effects of a wide range of soil variables, most experimental work is limited to (field) soils with poorly known or controlled properties. With this in mind, we constructed a new outdoor test site with full control of soil water content and continuous monitoring of important soil properties and environmental conditions. In three wooden frames of 2 × 2 × 1 meter, filled with different soil types (sand, loam, and clay), we buried low-metal anti-tank and anti-personnel land mine simulants. We installed time domain reflectometry (for measurement of soil water content) and temperature probes at different depths above and below the land mines as well as in homogeneous soil away from the land mines. In this paper we document the features of this new test site and present results from the monitoring equipment.

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Investigation into the sources of persistent ground-penetrating radar false alarms: data collection, excavation, and analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Strength of landmine signatures under different soil conditions: implications for sensor fusion

Strength of landmine signatures under different soil conditions: implications for sensor fusion

Context-dependent fusion for landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar

A controlled outdoor test site for evaluation of soil effects on landmine detection sensors

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