Investigation of 4‐methyl Sterols From Cultured Dinoflagellate Algal Strains

Piretti, Marco Vincenzo; Pagliuca, Giampiero; Boni, Laurita; Pistocchi, Rossella; Diamante, Maurizio; Gazzotti, Teresa

doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00061.x

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CS-295/c. The presence of compound 13 as a dominant sterol appears to be limited mainly to a selection of dinoflagellate genera, including Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium, Heterocapsa, Pfiesteria, Prorocentrum, and Scrippsiella (Harvey et al, 1988;Piretti et al, 1997;Mansour et al, 1999;Leblond & Chapman, 2002. Compound 12 has also been found as a dominant sterol among these genera (Nichols et al, 1984;Mansour et al, 1999;Leblond & Chapman, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid and sterol composition of two evolutionarily closely related dinoflagellate morphospecies from cold Scandinavian brackish and freshwaters

Leblond¹,

Anderson²,

Kofink³

et al. 2006

European Journal of Phycology

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Little is known about the lipid composition of cold-adapted dinoflagellates. Here, we investigate Peridinium aciculiferum and Scrippsiella hangoei, two cold-adapted dinoflagellate morphospecies that present significant differences in general morphology, physiology and habitat, but which share identical ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, indicating a recent evolutionary divergence between them. Despite their present taxonomic names, it is now known that these two genetically isolated morphospecies are evolutionarily related to the so-called Pfiesteria-like species. We have found that chloroplastassociated glycolipids from P. aciculiferum and S. hangoei contained a higher relative percentage of two polyunsaturated C 18 fatty acids (octadecapentaenoic [18:5(n-3)] and octadecatetraenoic [18:4(n-3)] acids), and a lower relative percentage of hexadecanoic acid (16:0) than typically observed in previously examined warm-adapted dinoflagellate species. This suggests that these two fatty acids provided the requisite membrane fluidity for chloroplasts under a cold growth condition in these two organisms. A similar increase in 18:5(n-3) and 18:4(n-3) over warm-adapted species was also found in the phospholipids and triglycerides. P. aciculiferum and S. hangoei were also examined for the production of unique sterols that may serve as chemical biomarkers. Both were found to have a very similar sterol composition, consisting of two common dinoflagellate sterols, cholestanol and dinostanol, as dominant sterols, along with a number of other common dinoflagellate sterols as minor sterols. This demonstrated the absence of a specific steroidal biomarker but, more importantly, showed that these two morphospecies still produce very similar sterols despite having diverged in several other traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid and sterol composition of two evolutionarily closely related dinoflagellate morphospecies from cold Scandinavian brackish and freshwaters

Leblond¹,

Anderson²,

Kofink³

et al. 2006

European Journal of Phycology

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“…The dominant sterol(s) in diatoms varies depending on the species present, but brassicasterol (24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3b-ol), fucosterol (24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3b-ol), and b-sitosterol (24-ethylcholesta-5-en-3b-ol) are common lipids of diatoms (Barrett et al 1995;Volkman et al 1998). The compound dinosterol (4a,23,24-trimethyl-5a-cholest-22-en-3b-ol) is found in many dinoflagellate species (Boon et al 1979;Withers 1983;Pirretti et al 1997) and is commonly used as a biomarker for these organisms (Robison et al 1984;Brassell et al 1987;Volkman et al 1998). The other two main algal groups in Lake Malawi, green algae and cyanobacteria, also have specific biomarkers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate change on algal community structure and primary productivity of Lake Malawi (East Africa) from the Last Glacial Maximum to present

Castañeda

Werne

Johnsona

2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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Biomarkers of aquatic algae and compound-specific carbon isotopes are used to examine past variations in algal community composition and primary productivity in Lake Malawi. We note major changes at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. From the Last Glacial Maximum until ,11.8 calendar years before present (kyr B.P.), Lake Malawi was characterized by either low rates of primary productivity or algal productivity that was dominated by a group other than diatoms. At the onset of the Holocene, conditions similar to those of modern Lake Malawi were initiated, with diatoms and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria becoming more important contributors to primary productivity. The transition at ,11.8 kyr B.P. is likely related to a shift in the dominant wind direction over Lake Malawi, resulting from a southward shift in the mean latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the last glacial. Throughout the 23-kyr B.P. record, the effects of windinduced upwelling are important and may be the main control on the carbon isotopic composition of algal lipids through delivery of 13 C-depleted CO 2 , derived from organic matter decomposition in deeper waters, to the photic zone. Relationships are also suggested between thermal stratification and primary productivity, with cool conditions at ,12 and 8 kyr B.P. resulting in weaker thermal stratification and increased primary productivity. The opposite situation occurs at 4.9 kyr B.P., when significantly warmer temperatures and decreased algal productivity are observed. Thus, in lentic systems such as Lake Malawi the major influence of climate on algal ecology appears to be through feedbacks in physical circulation mechanisms.

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“…The dinoflagellate responsible for red blooms in the Arabian Gulf is Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Richlen et al, 2009, Hamzehei et al, 2013 belonging to the family Gymnodiniaceae, comprising three red tide producing genera -Cochlodinium, Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium. Pirretti et al (1997) reported the presence of dinosterol and dinostanol in Gymnodinium and it is possible that Cochlodinium can also biosynthesize dinosterol and dinostanol and serve as their source in Mesaieed mats. However, neither motile nor cyst stages of these species were found (data not shown).…”

Section: Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemistry of intertidal microbial mats from Qatar: New insights from organic matter characterisation

Słowakiewicz

Whitaker

Thomas

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms AbstractUnderstanding early organic matter alteration and preservation in marine carbonate-evaporite systems could improve understanding of carbon cycling and hydrocarbon source rock prediction in such environments. It is possible that organic-rich microbial mats are important contributors to preserved hydrocarbons, and to explore this we examined changes in lipid composition in such a mat from a mesohaline intertidal lagoon, eastern Qatar. The mat reaches > 5 cm thickness over a carbonate mud substrate, rich in seagrass, gastropods and other small bioclasts. Clear lamination, with distinct downward colour changes from green to pink to brown, reflects different microbial mat communities. The layers contain spheroids of probable dolomite, the precipitation of which was plausibly bacterially-mediated. Lipids [n-alkanes, fatty acids (FAs), hopanoids, isoprenoid hydrocarbons, dialkyl glycerol diethers (DAGEs), and isoprenoid (0 to 4) and branched (Ia to IIIa) GDGTs] reflect the diverse mat-building phototrophic, heterotrophic and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms, as well as some likely allochthonous material (i.e. steroids, n-alkanols, high molecular weight nalkanes). The lipids clearly document the change in microbial community, with phytene being the predominant hydrocarbon in the phototrophic surface layer. Oxygen and pH drop significantly 0.2 cm below the mat surface, coincident with the predominance of Deltaproteobacteria and increased concentrations of archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids andC 15 /C 16 and C 16 /C 17 dialkyl glycerol ether lipids in the deeper layers. Archaeol, likely of methanogen origin, is most abundant in the deepest layer. Allochthonous inputs occur throughout the mat, including abundant steroids, especially dinosterol and dinostanol, that are possibly related to periodic algal (dinoflagellate) blooms in the Arabian Gulf. Both n-alkanes and n-alkanols appear to be derived from seagrass. Organic matter contents decrease in the deepest mat; this suggests an overall low preservation potential of OM in intertidal mesohaline-hypersaline mats of the Arabian Gulf, which in turn suggests that these are not the major source of hydrocarbons in microbially-dominated carbonateevaporite systems.2

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Investigation of 4‐methyl Sterols From Cultured Dinoflagellate Algal Strains

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Fatty acid and sterol composition of two evolutionarily closely related dinoflagellate morphospecies from cold Scandinavian brackish and freshwaters

Fatty acid and sterol composition of two evolutionarily closely related dinoflagellate morphospecies from cold Scandinavian brackish and freshwaters

Influence of climate change on algal community structure and primary productivity of Lake Malawi (East Africa) from the Last Glacial Maximum to present

Biogeochemistry of intertidal microbial mats from Qatar: New insights from organic matter characterisation

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