Investigation of a second focus of equine morbillivirus infection in coastal Queensland

Rogers, R. J.; Douglas, I C; Baldock, F. C.; Glanville, R. J.; Seppanen, K T; Gleeson, Laurence J.; Selleck, Paul; Dunn, Karen

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb15413.x

Cited by 130 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…66 A second fatal human case occurred in Mackay, Queensland, with HeV exposure from 2 horses. 57,63 His infection could be traced to exposure in August 1994 from 2 fatal horses. 57,63 Thirteen months later, this farmer developed neurological symptoms and a severe nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis.…”

Section: Hendra Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57,63 His infection could be traced to exposure in August 1994 from 2 fatal horses. 57,63 Thirteen months later, this farmer developed neurological symptoms and a severe nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis. In November 2004, a veterinarian conducting a necropsy on a horse developed a dry cough, a sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, and fever, but he recovered and remained in good health.…”

Section: Hendra Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,36,53,63,84 Symptoms include increased respiratory rate, dyspnea, fever, increased heart rate, lethargy, neurological signs, muscle trembling, hemorrhagic nasal discharge, and swelling of the face, lips, neck, and supraorbital fossa. 36,53,63 Experimental work by Middleton indicates that infected horses have a potential to excrete virus through nasal secretions from 2 days following exposure to HeV. 2 The most significant gross lesions in horses are diffuse pulmonary edema and congestion, with marked dilation of the pulmonary lymphatics.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Henipavirus: A Review of Laboratory Animal Pathology

Williamson¹,

Torres-Vélez

2010

Vet Pathol

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The genus Henipavirus contains two members-Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV)-and each can cause fatal disease in humans and animals. HeV and Niv are currently classified as biosafety level 4, and NiV is classified as a category C priority pathogen. The aim of this article is to discuss the pathology of laboratory animal models of henipavirus infection and to assess their suitability as animal models for the development and testing of human therapeutics and vaccines. There has been considerable progress in the development of animal models for henipavirus disease. Suitable animal models include the golden hamster, ferrets, cats, and pigs, which develop disease resembling that observed in humans. Guinea pigs are a less reliable model for henipavirus disease, but they do develop henipavirus-induced encephalitis. Because human efficacy studies with henipaviruses are not permitted, animal studies are critical for the development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Current research indicates that passive immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies is protective of ferrets against NiV infection and that passive immunotherapy using NiV antibodies protects hamsters from HeV. Recombinant vaccines have been used to protect cats and pigs against NiV infection. Ribavirin and 6-aza-uridine were able to delay but not prevent NiV-induced mortality in hamsters. Further research is needed to develop a model and therapy for late-onset henipavirus encephalitis.

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Section: Hendra Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hendra Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Henipavirus: A Review of Laboratory Animal Pathology

Williamson¹,

Torres-Vélez

2010

Vet Pathol

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“…NiV and HeV do not cause disease in mice after subcutaneous administration, although they are lethal if administered intracranially (G. Crameri and B. T. Eaton, unpublished data). Further, there was no serological evidence of NiV infection in rodents from Malaysia (11,39) or of HeV infection in rodents from Australia (30). To our knowledge, rabbits have been examined only with respect to HeV, and no clinical disease was observed (36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Model of Acute Nipah Virus Infection and Protection with a Soluble Glycoprotein-Based Subunit Vaccine

Mungall

Middleton

Crameri

et al. 2006

J Virol

169

188

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Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are paramyxoviruses capable of causing considerable morbidity and mortality in a number of mammalian species, including humans. Case reports from outbreaks and previous challenge experiments have suggested that cats were highly susceptible to NiV infection, responding with a severe respiratory disease and systemic infection. Here we have assessed the cat as a model of experimental NiV infection and use it in the evaluation of a subunit vaccine comprised of soluble G glycoprotein (sG). Two groups of two adult cats each were inoculated subcutaneously with either 500 or 5,000 50% tissue culture infective dose(s) (TCID 50 ) of NiV. Animals were monitored closely for disease onset, and extensive analysis was conducted on samples and tissues taken during infection and at necropsy to determine viral load and tissue tropism. All animals developed clinical disease 6 to 9 days postinfection, a finding consistent with previous observations. In a subsequent experiment, two cats were immunized with HeV sG and two were immunized with NiV sG. Homologous serum neutralizing titers were greater than 1:20,000, and heterologous titers were greater than 1:20,000 to 16-fold lower. Immunized animals and two additional naive controls were then challenged subcutaneously with 500 TCID 50 of NiV. Naive animals developed clinical disease 6 to 13 days postinfection, whereas none of the immunized animals showed any sign of disease. TaqMan PCR analysis of samples from naive animals revealed considerable levels of NiV genome in a wide range of tissues, whereas the genome was evident in only two immunized cats in only four samples and well below the limit of accurate detection. These results indicate that the cat provides a consistent model for acute NiV infection and associated pathogenesis and an effective subunit vaccine strategy appears achievable.

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“…NiV and HeV both cause severe and often fatal respiratory disease and/or encephalitis in animals and humans. HeV was first isolated during an outbreak of respiratory and neurologic disease in horses and humans in Australia in 1994 (2)(3)(4)(5). To date, a total of 5 outbreaks of HeV involving human cases have been reported in Australia, and 7 human cases with a case fatality rate of 57% have been identified (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%