Investigation of a steady-state cylindrical magnetron discharge for plasma immersion treatment

Levchenko, Igor; Romanov, M.; Keidar, Michael

doi:10.1063/1.1590054

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The metamaterial characteristics were calculated using the model based on Richardson-Dushman equation for thermionic emission current, Child-Langmuir relation for electron current density in vacuum between the two electrodes, [ 44 ] and a set of energy balance equations (detailed description of the model used for simulations can be found in the Supporting Information). For the certainty, we have selected three typical cathode materials being widely used in the thermionic electron emitters: cesium (Cs, work function ϕ wL = 1.81 eV) which could be considered as low-temperature emissive material; Cs/O/W composition (work function ϕ wL = 0.72 eV) capable of working at medium temperatures, and high-temperature LaB 6 material (work function ϕ wL = 2.66 eV).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscaled Metamaterial as an Advanced Heat Pump and Cooling Media

Levchenko

Beilis

Keidar

2016

Adv Materials Technologies

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(1 of 10) 1600008 wileyonlinelibrary.com amount of energy spent from the external source, [3][4][5] and hence, the heat pumps are much more effi cient than the simple heating devices. The second important feature of the heat pump is the ability to lower the temperature of the cooler body by transferring the heat to a warmer side, i.e., in the direction opposite to the spontaneous heat fl ow. These two features determine the use of heat pumps, and specify the potential niche for their applications on the future techniques.The most conventional heat pumps are based on the thermodynamic cycle involving compression and expansion of the gaseous working medium. Such devices are essentially large complex technical systems consisting of several sub-systems such as electrical motors, compressors, expanders, heat exchangers, etc. They are currently used for various applications ranging from the higheffi cient heating and cooling household premises [ 6,7 ] and industrial buildings [ 8,9 ] to agriculture, [ 10 ] food industry, [ 11 ] and space technology. [ 12,13 ] Other types of heattransfer systems such as adsorption, [ 14 ] molecular, [ 15 ] and chemical [ 16 ] heat pumps also demonstrate high cost and limited effi ciency, especially at nanoscale. For example, the thermoelectric microrefrigerators [ 17 ] can allow the cooling by several Kelvins at the power density of about 100 W cm −2 , and only 1 K at 400 W cm −2 . [ 18 ] It is expected that the rate of heat pumps in the private and industrial heat and cooling systems will reach 30% by 2050. [ 19 ] The main problem retarding the wide application of heat pumps for heating is the complicity and large size, and hence, the high cost and long payout period. [ 20 ] Besides, the compression-based systems cannot operate at high temperatures. These features also impede the application of heat pumps in the miniaturized devices which are of a great importance now, such as electronics, semiconductor-based energy transforming devices, [ 21 ] advanced solar cell systems, [ 22 ] nanomechanical systems, [ 23 ] miniaturized unmanned fl ying vehicles, cubesats, [24][25][26] and other small-sized spacecraft and their power systems. [ 27 ] Some of these problems can be overcome by creating materials displaying properties that do not exist in nature, i.e., metamaterials, [ 28 ] i.e., the "transition from the compression-based system to a material-based form-factor" should be achieved. [ 29 ] Apparently, this is not possible in the framework of the obsolete Nanoscaled Metamaterial as an Advanced Heat Pump and Cooling MediaIgor Levchenko ,* Isak I. Beilis , and Michael Keidar Major characteristics of the nanoscaled high-temperature metamaterial capable of reversal heat transmission are calculated, and two design variants are proposed and discussed. Specifi cally, the basic design has been proposed involving the solid-state highly emissive cathode material, and the modifi cation with a liquid-state emissive material (e.g., cesium) fi lling the nanoporous structure such as previously synthesize...

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscaled Metamaterial as an Advanced Heat Pump and Cooling Media

Levchenko

Beilis

Keidar

2016

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…The gaps between nanowires did not exceed several hundred nanometers, thus less than the common enzyme-producing bacteria. 72,[82][83][84][85][86] In the case of silver nanowires on alumina, the two different kinds of plasma systems can be used. The further tests have demonstrated that the plasma-treated nanowires (without any chemical treatment) are able to trap proteins.…”

Section: B Treatment Of Inorganic Nanostructures For Biomedical and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma treatment for next-generation nanobiointerfaces

Levchenko¹,

Keidar²,

Mai‐Prochnow³

et al. 2015

Biointerphases

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Energy deficiency, global poverty, chronic hunger, chronic diseases, and environment conservation are among the major problems threatening the whole mankind. Nanostructure-based technologies could be a possible solution. Such techniques are now used for the production of many vitally important products including cultured and fermented food, antibiotics, various medicines, and biofuels. On the other hand, the nanostructure-based technologies still demonstrate low efficiency and controllability, and thus still are not capable to decisively address the global problems. Furthermore, future technologies should ensure lowest possible environmental impact by implementing green production principles. One of the most promising approaches to address these challenges are the sophisticatedly engineered biointerfaces. Here, the authors briefly evaluate the potential of the plasma-based techniques for the fabrication of complex biointerfaces. The authors consider mainly the atmospheric and inductively coupled plasma environments and show several examples of the artificial plasma-created biointerfaces, which can be used for the biotechnological and medical processes, as well as for the drug delivery devices, fluidised bed bioreactors, catalytic reactors, and others. A special attention is paid to the plasma-based treatment and processing of the biointerfaces formed by arrays of carbon nanotubes and graphene flakes.

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“…The most popular modern methods for nanotube synthesis include a range of plasma-based techniques, such as the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition ͑PECVD͒, [11][12][13] ionized physical vapor deposition ͑i-PVD͒, 14,15 as well as various arc discharge-based approaches. 16 Some features of the plasma-based methods for the production of vertically aligned nanostructures on solid surfaces have already been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angular distribution of carbon ion flux in a nanotube array during the plasma process by the Monte Carlo technique

et al. 2007

Self Cite

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Angular distribution of microscopic ion fluxes around nanotubes arranged into a dense ordered pattern on the surface of the substrate is studied by means of multiscale numerical simulation. The Monte Carlo technique was used to show that the ion current density is distributed nonuniformly around the carbon nanotubes arranged into a dense rectangular array. The nonuniformity factor of the ion current flux reaches 7 in dense (5×1018m−3) plasmas for a nanotube radius of 25nm, and tends to 1 at plasma densities below 1×1017m−3. The results obtained suggest that the local density of carbon adatoms on the nanotube side surface, at areas facing the adjacent nanotubes of the pattern, can be high enough to lead to the additional wall formation and thus cause the single- to multiwall structural transition, and other as yet unexplained nanoscience phenomena.

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Investigation of a steady-state cylindrical magnetron discharge for plasma immersion treatment

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Nanoscaled Metamaterial as an Advanced Heat Pump and Cooling Media

Nanoscaled Metamaterial as an Advanced Heat Pump and Cooling Media

Plasma treatment for next-generation nanobiointerfaces

Angular distribution of carbon ion flux in a nanotube array during the plasma process by the Monte Carlo technique

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