Investigation of activated carbon obtained from the liquid products of pyrolysis in sunflower oil bleaching process

Abstract

Decolourization process of neutralized sunflower oil was carried out with activated carbon products obtained from pyrolysis liquid products. The effect of parameters such as time, temperature, moisture and dosage on bleaching sunflower oil was investigated. It was found that activated carbon samples are an effective adsorbent for decolourization process of sunflower oil. It was determined that the ability of adsorption of the activated carbon samples at 20 °C temperature is higher than that of the bleaching earth which is used for this purpose. The analysis results directly prove that activated carbons remove the unwanted pigments and residues from sunflower oil. Moreover, activated carbon sample A2 has a more positive effect on pigment removal than other activated carbon samples (A1 and A3). 1% of activated carbon sample A2, 0.01% sunflower oil moisture, 20 °C temperature and 30 min contact time are optimal values in a sunflower oil bleaching process. Therefore, these activated carbon samples can be used to bleach sunflower oil instead of bleaching earth.

Analysis of bentonite performance on the quality of refined crude palm oil's color, free fatty acid and carotene: the effect of bentonite concentration and contact time

“…The fact that palm oil is the most-consumed vegetable oil worldwide explains why its role remains significant ( Ndé et al., 2019 ). Crude palm oil (CPO) is a vegetable oil derived from the pulp of oil palm which consists of solid triacylglyceride or triacylglycerol with lipases, FFAs, pigments, phosphatides, parsia glycerides, coloring agents and carotene ( Constant et al., 2017 ; Guliyev et al., 2018 ; Ifa et al., 2013 ; Onwuliri et al., 2011 ). The carotenoids (pigments found in plants) produce the bright yellow and red colors in palm oil ( Ali et al., 2014 ).…”

“…In general, consumers tend to avoid the use of unrefined crude oil due to its unpleasant colors and odors ( Guliyev et al., 2018 ). Therefore, oil refinery is required to achieve the perfect color, soft taste and good oxidation stability before it can be used in a wide variety of purposes (cooking, food manufacturing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and soap manufacturing) ( Ndé et al., 2019 ; Sampaio et al., 2011 ).…”

“…Many researchers have reported the refining process of vegetable oil through the adsorption. Although the porosity and the adsorption power in the CPO refinery process can be increased with acid-activated bleaching earth (BE) ( Guliyev et al., 2018 ), high decolorization and chlorophyll produced in only 1.0% of acid-activated bleaching earth can cause strong acid and solid waste pollution and, therefore, require extra costs for environmental neutralization ( Chakawa et al., 2019 ). Abdi, Gharachorloo and Ghavami (2021) studied the use of egg shell powder to remove the metals, oxidation products and unwanted pigments of the soybean oil.…”

Adsorption of Colour Pigments from Palm Kernel Oil onto Biopolymer Prepared from Periwinkle Shell Waste

“…Vegetable oils and fats are essential components of human diets. Nearly all oils produced in the world are of vegetable source [14]. The crude vegetable oils are mixture of different free fatty acids, mono-di-and triglycerides, phosphatides, glycolipids, pigments, sterols and tocopherols, flavonoids, tannins, and trace amounts of metals may also be present [15].…”

“…Bleaching is not just declourization of edible vegetable oils but involve selective removal of pigments and impurities by the physical and chemical interaction of an adsorbent with an oil to improve its quality including the removal of trace metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe). The bleaching process is applied after degumming and neutralization in the chemical refining and it is more appropriately referred to as adsorption treatment [14].…”