Investigation of Aflatoxin Content Using HPLC to Ensure the Sustainability of Rice Products in Jakarta City, Indonesia

Abstract

Aflatoxin exposure in foodstuff is a public health problem because it causes acute and chronic carcinogenic effects. Countries with hot and humid climates, aflatoxin exposure is a serious problem, and rice product is one of the foodstuffs that have the potential to be contaminated. Indonesia is a country that consume rice as a staple food. To ensure the sustained availability of safe rice products, initial identification of the aflatoxin content is necessary. This study aims to trace the aflatoxin content in rice obtained randomly from traditional market and a logistic agency in the Jakarta area, Indonesia. The number of samples is 20 types of rice grouped by price, area, and location category. Rice samples were tested for aflatoxin exposure by using a HPLC method in a laboratory that has been accredited by the Indonesian National Accreditation Committee. Results show that 95% of the samples have aflatoxin levels below 0.50 mg/kg as the limits of international standards and regulations for AFB1, AFB2, AG1, AG2, and AFT. However, 5% of samples show that AFB1 content is 2.45 mg/kg and AFT content is 2.62 mg/kg. These contents are higher than the limits regulation (maximum 2.0 mg/kg). The results indicate that there is a risk of aflatoxin contaminations in rice traded in the market within Jakarta area, Indonesia. It is important to maintain post-harvest processes with good procedures, including distribution, storage, and packaging to minimize the appearance of aflatoxin.