Investigation of amine-based surfactants for foamed acid stimulation at high temperature, pressure, and salinity

Al-Darweesh, Jawad; Aljawad, Murtada Saleh; AlYousef, Zuhair; BinGhanim, Ahmed; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Shehri, Dhafer Al

doi:10.1016/j.geoen.2023.212094

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Specifically, while 149 mL of N 2 gas was needed to generate a full foam column at 14.7 psi (101.35 kPa), this gas volume decreased by 15% at 500 psi (3447.37 kPa) and by 20% at 1000 psi (6894.75 kPa). This phenomenon can be attributed to the rising pressure causing the density of the gas to increase and subsequently reducing surface tension. , Surface tension is responsible for holding the gas bubbles within the liquid phase and is a critical factor in the foam stability. When the surface tension is lowered, it becomes easier for the gas bubbles to form and stabilize in the liquid, resulting in improved foamability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pressure and Temperature on Foam Behavior for Enhanced Underbalanced Drilling Operations

Gowida,

Elkatatny,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Foam, a versatile underbalanced drilling fluid, shows potential for improving the drilling efficiency and reducing formation damage. However, the existing literature lacks insight into foam behavior under high-pH drilling conditions. This study introduces a novel approach using synthesized seawater, replacing the conventional use of freshwater on-site for the foaming system's liquid base. This approach is in line with sustainability objectives and offers novel perspectives on foam stability under high-pH conditions. Experiments, conducted with a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) foam analyzer, investigate how pressure and temperature affect foam properties. The biodegradable foaming agent ammonium alcohol ether sulfate (AAES) is employed. Results demonstrate that the pressure significantly impacts foam stability. Increasing pressure enhances stability, reducing decay rates and promoting uniform bubble sizes, especially at lower temperatures. This highlights foam's capacity to withstand high-pressure conditions. Conversely, the temperature plays a substantial role in foam decay, particularly at elevated temperatures (75 and 90 °C). Decreased liquid viscosity accelerates the liquid drainage and foam decay. While pressure mainly influences the AAES foam stability at temperatures up to 50 °C, temperature becomes the dominant factor at higher temperatures. Temperature's impact on foamability is minimal under constant pressure, maintaining consistent gas volume for maximum foam height. However, foam stability is sensitive to temperature variations, with increasing temperature leading to a more significant bubble size increase gradient. These findings stress the importance of considering temperature effects in foam drilling, particularly in deep and high-temperature environments. AAES foam exhibits stability at lower temperatures, making it suitable for surface and intermediate drilling. Understanding temperature-induced changes in foam structure and bubble size is essential for optimizing performance in high-temperature and deep drilling scenarios.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pressure and Temperature on Foam Behavior for Enhanced Underbalanced Drilling Operations

Gowida,

Elkatatny,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

Self Cite

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“…However, foam quality is not the only parameter controlling foam viscosity. The performance of foam viscosity is strongly related to the bubble size, bubble density, and bubble shapes and its response to the deformation in the dynamic state . Additionally, the experimental studies showed that foam viscosity varied with many parameters, including foam quality, pressure, temperature, shear rate, salinity, and additives. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation was due to the deformation and shrinkage of bubbles during the shearing and, consequently, the viscosity reduction of the generated foam. Literature review , indicated that the foam viscosity drops remarkably at high temperatures due to the thermal thinning of foam film (lamella). This caused faster coarsening and rupture of bubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the shear rate has the main effect on the foam viscosity. Following the power-law model, Al-Darweesh et al 19 found that the foam viscosity decreased exponentially with the increase in shear rates. This observation was due to the deformation and shrinkage of bubbles during the shearing and, consequently, the viscosity reduction of the generated foam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Foam Rheology Models Parameters Utilizing Machine Learning Tools

Al-Darweesh,

Aljawad,

Tariq

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Rheological models are usually used to predict foamed fluid viscosity; however, obtaining the model constants under various conditions is challenging. Hence, this paper investigated the effect of different variables on foam rheology, such as shear rate, temperature, pressure, surfactant types, gas phase, and salinity, using a high-pressure high-temperature foam rheometer. Power-law, Bingham plastic, and Casson fluid models fit the experimental data well. Therefore, the data were fed to different machine learning techniques to evaluate the rheological model constants with different features. In this study, seven different machine learning techniques have been applied to predict the rheological models' constants, including decision tree, random forest, XGBoost (XGB), adaptive gradient boosting, gradient boosting, support vector regression, and voting regression. We evaluated the performance of our machine learning models using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ), cross-plots, root-mean-square error, and average absolute percentage error. Based on the prediction outcomes, the XGB model outperformed the other ML models. The XGB model exhibited remarkably low error rates, achieving a prediction accuracy of 95% under ideal conditions. Furthermore, our prediction results demonstrated that the Casson model accurately captured the rheological behavior of the foam. Additionally, we used Pearson's correlation coefficients to assess the significance of various properties in relation to the constants within the rheological models. It is evident that the XGB model makes predictions with nearly all features contributing significantly, while other machine learning techniques rely more heavily on specific features over others. The proposed methodology can minimize the experimental cost of measuring rheological parameters and serves as a quick assessment tool.

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A comprehensive review on control and mitigating the foam formation in amine-based solvents

Shahouni,

Abbasi,

Akrami

2024

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

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Investigation of amine-based surfactants for foamed acid stimulation at high temperature, pressure, and salinity

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of Pressure and Temperature on Foam Behavior for Enhanced Underbalanced Drilling Operations

Impact of Pressure and Temperature on Foam Behavior for Enhanced Underbalanced Drilling Operations

Prediction of Foam Rheology Models Parameters Utilizing Machine Learning Tools

A comprehensive review on control and mitigating the foam formation in amine-based solvents

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