Investigation of antimony, cobalt, and acetaldehyde migration into the drinking water in Turkey

Doğan, Canan Ekinci; Çebi, Nur

doi:10.1002/pts.2430

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The increase in levels of Antimony could be attributed to effects of pH, temperature and UV radiation (Fig. 2) from the sun, supported by experiments from (Al-Khatim et al, 2019;Chapa-Martínez et al, 2016;Dogan and Cebi, 2019;Zmit and Belhaneche-Bensemra, 2019) which identified the significance of pH, temperature and days of exposure in the amount of Antimony leached into bottled water. The high level of the Antimony values can also be attributed to the type of plastics used by the different brands as identified by (Koyuncu and Alwazeer, 2019) who suspected reason for high Antimony levels in milk contained in PET bottles results from type and production processes employed in making containers.…”

Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 74%

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Daffi¹,

Wamyil²

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. It is common for bottled water and other assorted drinks to be seen displayed outside stores and in the sun in most parts of Nigeria. The country is mostly hot year-round and over the course of the year temperatures can rise to as high as 40 °C around March–April in the study area. The leaching effect of chemicals from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water was investigated for five (5) commercially available bottled water brands. Temperature, pH, Antimony, Bisphenol A and Nitrate levels were measured on day zero, 14 and 28 for control samples and samples exposed to direct sunlight, using destructive sampling technique. The study found that pH for brands B and D were lower than the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulations at day zero. The control sample for Brand A maintained pH within the guideline values for 0–28 days while all Brands exposed to sunlight for 14 and 28 days had lower values than specified. Antimony was not detected in brands A, B and E in the baseline measurement at day zero while brands C and D had low values; after 28 days all the control samples still had Antimony levels within the US EPA standard. Meanwhile all the samples exposed to sunlight exceeded US EPA standard levels at 14 and 28days except brand A which was within limit at 14 days with value of 4.59 µg/L. All control and exposed samples were below the European Union Drinking Water Directive (EU DWD) total daily intake (TDI) of Bisphenol A (0.05 mg/kg body weight/day). Values obtained for Nitrate showed that all control samples did not exceed the US EPA guideline level for Nitrates in drinking water for 0, 14 ad 28 days while three (3) of the samples, Brands C, D and E, exceeded the guideline level at 28 days. Expose of bottled water to sunlight was seen to impair the quality of the water for consumption. It is recommended that regulators and practitioners drive implementation of proper storage/retailing of bottled water products and improve legislation on manufacture of plastics for food contact products.

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Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 74%

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Daffi¹,

Wamyil²

2020

Preprint

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“…The increase in the levels of antimony could be attributed to the effects of pH, temperature, and UV radiation (Fig. 2) from the Sun, supported by researchers who identified the significance of pH, temperature, and days of exposure in the amount of Antimony leached into bottled water (Al-Khatim et al, 2019;Chapa-Martínez et al, 2016;Dogan and Cebi, 2019;Zmit and Belhaneche-Bensemra, 2019). The high level of the antimony values can also be attributed to the type of plastics used by the different brands as identified by Koyuncu and Alwazeer (2019), who suspected that the reason for the high antimony levels in milk contained in PET bottles results from the type and production processes employed in making containers.…”

Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of changes in some physico-chemical properties of bottled water exposed to sunlight in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Daffi

Wamyil

2021

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract. It is common for bottled water and other assorted drinks to be seen displayed outside stores and in the sun in most parts of Nigeria. The country is mostly hot year-round, and over the course of the year, temperatures can rise to as high as 40 ∘C around March–April in the study area. The leaching effect of chemicals from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water was investigated for five commercially available bottled water brands. Temperature, pH, antimony, bisphenol A (BPA), and nitrate levels were measured on days 0, 14, and 28 for control samples and samples exposed to direct sunlight, using destructive sampling technique. Antimony was not detected in brands A, B, and E in the baseline measurement at day 0, while brands C and D had low values; after 28 d all the control samples still had antimony levels within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standard. Meanwhile, all the samples exposed to sunlight exceeded US EPA standard levels at 14 and 28 d, except brand A which was within limit at 14 d with value of 4.59 µg L−1. All control and exposed samples were below the European Union Drinking Water Directive (EU DWD) total daily intake (TDI) of BPA (0.05 mg per kilogram of body weight)−1 d−1. Values obtained for nitrate showed that all control samples did not exceed the US EPA guideline level for nitrates in drinking water for days 0, 14, and 28, while three of the samples, i.e. brands C, D, and E, exceeded the guideline level at day 28. Exposure of bottled water to sunlight was seen to impair the quality of the water for consumption.

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“…Antimony migration studies from PET into food products can provide useful information about the potential risk associated with its presence under different storage conditions. Several physicochemical factors, such as storage time, temperature, light irradiation, PET color, and matrix characteristics (e.g., pH and salt content), can influence Sb migration from PET containers to water samples [8][9][10][11]13,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, there is a wide variability in the effects of these factors on Sb migration [3], and the predominant role of the PET type or the water matrix is not clear [3,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony in Polyethylene Terephthalate-Bottled Beverages: The Migration Puzzle

Carneado,

López-Sánchez,

Sahuquillo

2023

Molecules

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A novel strategy to assess the main variables that potentially affect the migration of antimony from PET bottles to beverages, including mineral waters and juices, is herein proposed. In a preliminary step, an LC-ICP-MS method previously used for water analysis was optimized to correct identify Sb species present in the studied matrices using HRMS. Subsequently, the influence of temperature and storage time up to 30 days on Sb migration from PET bottles into peach and pineapple juices of the same brand was studied. Storing PET bottled drinks at elevated temperatures (i.e., in a hot car or in summer) can cause antimony migration to exceed the limits allowed in the EU or USA. Because the behavior observed differed from the results reported for Sb migration in mineral waters, a second approach was proposed: three mineral water and two juice samples were kept in different PET containers and stored at an elevated temperature (up to 60 °C) to understand the role of the PET type and matrix simultaneously. This study demonstrated that both matrix characteristics and type of PET bottle greatly influence antimony leaching, highlighting the need to consider these variables together when conducting migration experiments. The obtained results can be helpful for developing future legislation concerning migration of pollutants from packing to food commodities.

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Investigation of antimony, cobalt, and acetaldehyde migration into the drinking water in Turkey

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Evaluation of changes in some physico-chemical properties of bottled water exposed to sunlight in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Antimony in Polyethylene Terephthalate-Bottled Beverages: The Migration Puzzle

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