Herein, we synthesized three novel benzothiazole azo
dyes, including
4-chloro-2-(4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-ylazo)-phenol (CMBTAP), 1-(6-chloro-benzothiazol-2-ylazo)-naphthalen-2-ol
(CBAN), and 2-(6-chloro-benzothiazol-2-ylazo)-4-methyl-phenol (CBAMP),
and investigated their corrosion inhibition effect on carbon steel.
The dyes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and
mass spectroscopy. Weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,
and potentiodynamic polarization measurements were performed to investigate
the corrosion inhibition effect of the dyes on carbon steel in a 1.0
M HCl solution. The synergistic effects of the dyes with potassium
iodide (KI) were also investigated. The inhibition efficiency (IE%)
was enhanced by increasing the dose of the dyes (1 × 10–5 to 2 × 10–4 M) and decreased as the temperature
increased from 25 to 45 °C. The addition of KI to a 1.0 M HCl
solution containing the dyes improved the performance and efficiency
as iodide ions promoted the formation of inhibition films on the surface
of carbon steel. The dyes are mixed-type inhibitors, according to
Tafel polarization. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive
X-ray analysis were used to evaluate the surface morphology of carbon
steel sheets. Quantum theory calculations were utilized to evaluate
the relationship between the dyes’ chemical structures and
their inhibitory efficiency, which confirmed the experimental results.
The calculations revealed that the dyes have low energy gap and Milliken
and Fukui indices. Among all of the dyes, CMBTAP showed the highest
adsorption energy. The corrosion IE was in the order CMBTAP > CBAMP
> CBAN.