Investigation of bio-oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Abstract

Recent research has revealed that more than 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted globally every year. The disposal of such huge biomass has become a challenge. In the present paper, we report the production of the bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction of three classes of food waste: meat, cheese and fruits. The highest yield of the bio-oil was observed for meat (∼60%) and cheese (∼75%), while for fruits, it was considerably low (∼10%). The molecular composition of the obtained bio-oil was investigated using ultrahigh resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry and was found to be similar to that obtained from algae. Several thousand heteroatom compounds (N, N, ON, etc. classes) were reliably identified from each sample. It was found that bio-oils produced from meat and cheese have many compounds (∼90%) with common molecular formulas, while bio-oil produced from fruits differs considerably (∼30% of compounds are unique).

Characterization of bio-crude components derived from pyrolysis of soft wood and its esterified product by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques

“…Structural analysis of functional groups in bio-oils can be obtained by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [6,20,21]. Analogously, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been used to determine the functional groups present in bio-oils constituents [10,[22][23][24][25]. Hence, spectroscopic techniques provide structural insight for the whole bio-oils compositions and are best suited to analyse changes in the functional group composition as a result of different upgrading processes.…”

Influence of solvent on the yield and chemical composition of liquid products of hydrothermal liquefaction of Arthrospira platensis as revealed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

“…Prior to the analysis the LTQ FT was calibrated using the standard thermo calibration mixture. For each peak in the peak list the following variables were calculated: [38][39][40][41][42] Results and discussion HTL results…”

Present scenario and future scope of food waste to biofuel production

“…The results revealed a maximum oil content (16.8%) which could be used as bio‐oil (Sakuragi et al, 2016). Kostyukevich et al reported a high yield (75%) of bio‐oil from cheese waste by hydrothermal liquefaction (Kostyukevich et al, 2017). Mohamed, 2018 reported (0.25 g/g) heavy bio‐oil yield from corn sticks through liquefaction.…”