Investigation of Biofuels from Microorganism Metabolism for Use as Anti-Knock Additives

Mack, J. Hunter; Rapp, Vi H.; Broeckelmann, Malte; Lee, Taek Soon; Dibble, Robert W.

doi:10.31224/osf.io/e6qdr

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Isopentenol has a research octane number that, while not as high as ethanol, is higher than premium gasoline at 96.5. 8 The theoretically estimated lower and higher heating values (LHV and HHV) of isopentenol of 34.4 and 36.9 MJ/kg are 29 and 24% higher than the corresponding values for ethanol, respectively. 9 It is also an important precursor of isoprene (the main component of natural rubber) and of flavor compounds (prenols and isoamyl alcohol esters), making it particularly flexible as a fuel or an intermediate for chemical/rubber production.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Greenhouse Gas Footprint, Water-Intensity, and Production Cost of Bio-Based Isopentenol as a Renewable Transportation Fuel

Baral

Kavvada

Perez

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Although ethanol remains the dominant liquid biofuel in the global market, there is a strong interest in high-energy density and low-hygroscopicity compounds that can be incorporated into gasoline at levels beyond the current ethanol blend wall. Isopentenol (3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol) is one of these promising advanced biofuels that is also an important precursor for isoprene (the main component of natural rubber). In this study, we model the production cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and water footprint of biologically produced isopentenol, including the current state of the technology and the impact of potential improvements. We find that the minimum selling price of biobased isopentenol, given the current state of technology demonstrated at bench-scale, is $5.14/L-gasoline equivalent, and the GHG footprint exceeds that of gasoline. However, biobased isopentenol could reach a $0.62/L-gasoline equivalent [$2.4/gal-gasoline equivalent (gge), just 5% above the 10-year average gasoline price] in an optimized future case where yield and other process parameters are pushed to near their theoretical limits. In this future case, isopentenol could achieve a GHG reduction of 90% relative to gasoline and a carbon abatement cost of $9.3/metric ton CO2e. Reaching these goals will require dramatic improvements in isopentenol yield, near-100% recovery of ionic liquid used in pretreatment, and low-lignin and high-cellulose and -hemicellulose biomass feedstocks.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Greenhouse Gas Footprint, Water-Intensity, and Production Cost of Bio-Based Isopentenol as a Renewable Transportation Fuel

Baral

Kavvada

Perez

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…It is the basis for the chemical synthesis of flavor compounds, such as menthol, citral, vitamin A, E, and several carotenoids [ 2 ]. It has also been discussed for several other applications such as biofuel [ 3 ], as an anti-knocking additive in gasoline [ 4 ], and as a lead nutraceutical for longevity [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary engineering of E. coli MG1655 for tolerance against isoprenol

Babel

Krömer

2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Isoprenol is the basis for industrial flavor and vitamin synthesis and also a promising biofuel. Biotechnological production of isoprenol with E. coli is currently limited by the high toxicity of the final product. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a promising method to address complex biological problems such as toxicity. Results Here we applied this method successfully to evolve E. coli towards higher tolerance against isoprenol, increasing growth at the half-maximal inhibitory concentration by 47%. Whole-genome re-sequencing of strains isolated from three replicate evolutions at seven time-points identified four major target genes for isoprenol tolerance: fabF, marC, yghB, and rob. We could show that knock-out of marC and expression of mutated Rob H(48) → frameshift increased tolerance against isoprenol and butanol. RNA-sequencing showed that the deletion identified upstream of yghB correlated with a strong overexpression of the gene. The knock-out of yghB demonstrated that it was essential for isoprenol tolerance. The mutated Rob protein and yghB deletion also lead to increased vanillin tolerance. Conclusion Through ALE, novel targets for strain optimization in isoprenol production and also the production of other fuels, such as butanol, could be obtained. Their effectiveness could be shown through re-engineering. This paves the way for further optimization of E. coli for biofuel production.

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“…They reported a titer of over 60 g/L, a yield of 11% isoprene from glucose and a volumetric productivity of 2 g/L/h (Chandran et al 2011 ). Several researchers reported using isoprenol as anti-knock agent, in which branched C5 alcohols store more energy than ethanol and high octane numbers (RON, or research octane number, of 92–102), that helps their use as gasoline alternatives and as anti-knock additives (Cann and Liao 2010 ; Mack et al 2014 ). In addition, they have been verified in various engine types and they proved to have better gasoline-like properties than ethanol (Yang et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting isoprene production via heterologous expression of the Kudzu isoprene synthase gene (kIspS) into Bacillus spp. cell factory

et al. 2017

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Isoprene represents a key building block for the production of valuable materials such as latex, synthetic rubber or pharmaceutical precursors and serves as basis for advanced biofuel production. To enhance the production of the volatile natural hydrocarbon isoprene, released by plants, animals and bacteria, the Kudzu isoprene synthase (kIspS) gene has been heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis DSM 402 and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 using the pHT01 vector. As control, the heterologous expression of KIspS in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with the pET28b vector was used. Isoprene production was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector. The highest isoprene production was observed by recombinant B. subtilis harboring the pHT01-kIspS plasmid which produced 1434.3 μg/L (1275 µg/L/OD) isoprene. This is threefold higher than the wild type which produced 388 μg/L (370 μg/L/OD) isoprene, when both incubated at 30 °C for 48 h and induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. Additionally, recombinant B. subtilis produced fivefold higher than the recombinant B. licheniformis, which produced 437.2 μg/L (249 μg/L/OD) isoprene when incubated at 37 °C for 48 h induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. This is the first report of optimized isoprene production in B. licheniformis. However, recombinant B. licheniformis showed less isoprene production. Therefore, recombinant B. subtilis is considered as a versatile host for heterologous production of isoprene.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-017-0461-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Investigation of Biofuels from Microorganism Metabolism for Use as Anti-Knock Additives

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Greenhouse Gas Footprint, Water-Intensity, and Production Cost of Bio-Based Isopentenol as a Renewable Transportation Fuel

Greenhouse Gas Footprint, Water-Intensity, and Production Cost of Bio-Based Isopentenol as a Renewable Transportation Fuel

Evolutionary engineering of E. coli MG1655 for tolerance against isoprenol

Boosting isoprene production via heterologous expression of the Kudzu isoprene synthase gene (kIspS) into Bacillus spp. cell factory

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