Investigation of biomechanical response of Hoffa's fat pad and comparative characterization

Fontanella, Chiara Giulia; Carniel, Emanuele Luigi; Frigo, Alessandro; Macchi, Veronica; Porzionato, Andrea; Sarasin, Gloria; Rossato, Marco; De, Raffaele; Natali, Arturo N.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.11.024

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…) (Macchi et al, ) IFP could act as a plastic portion aimed to absorption of pressure variations during knee articular activity (Macchi et al, ). However, recent evidence suggests that IFP might have not only a biomechanical ( Fontanella et al, ) but also a biochemical role in the pathogenesis of OA secreting inflammatory mediators like cytokines and adipokines (Clockaerts et al, ; Ioan‐Facsinay and Kloppenburg, ; Richter et al, ; Santangelo et al, ). Moreover, IFP is supposed to supply the blood to the patella tendon and to be involved in pain mechanisms in KOA (Clockaerts et al, ; Ioan‐Facsinay and Kloppenburg, ).…”

Section: Obesity and Related Comorbidities In Koamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Local Adipose Tissue in Knee Osteoarthritis

Belluzzi

Hadi

Granzotto

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Osteoarthritis is a common chronic joint disorder affecting older people. The knee is the major joint affected. The symptoms of osteoarthritis include limited range of motion, joint swelling, and pain causing disability. There are no disease modifying drugs available, and treatments are mainly focused on pain management. Total knee replacement performed at the end stage of the disease is considered the only cure available. It has been found that obese people have an increased risk to develop not only knee but also hand osteoarthritis. This supports the concept that adipose tissue might be related to osteoarthritis not only through overloading. As matter of fact, obesity induces a low grade systemic inflammatory state characterized by the production and secretion of several adipocytokines that may have a role in osteoarthritis development. Furthermore, hypertension, impaired glucose, and lipid metabolism, which are comorbidities associated with obesity, have been shown to alter the joint tissue homeostasis. Moreover, infrapatellar fat pad in the knee has been demonstrated to be a local source of adipocytokines and potentially contribute to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the role of systemic and local adipose tissue in knee osteoarthritis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1971-1978, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Obesity and Related Comorbidities In Koamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Local Adipose Tissue in Knee Osteoarthritis

Belluzzi

Hadi

Granzotto

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…With numerical meso-models, the IFP has been reported to have a peculiar mechanical relevance, with respect to other adipose tissues, with a high volumetric stiffness of its adipose lobules and consequent development of tissue straining because of connective septa. Conversely, lobules exhibit low iso-volumetric stiffness, and shear loadings mainly determine stresses within connective septa (Fontanella et al 2017). The biomechanical properties of IFP change during OA, with loss of proper stress-strain behavior under mechanical loads (unpublished data).…”

Section: Ifpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane: an anatomo‐functional unit

et al. 2018

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The infrapatellar pad, a fibro-adipose tissue with peculiar microscopic and mechanical features, is gaining wide attention in the field of rheumatological research. The purpose of this descriptive review is to summarize the most recent published evidence on the anatomic, physiologic and biomechanical inter-relationship between the infrapatellar fat pad and the knee synovial membrane. As an extrasynovial tissue, the infrapatellar fat pad does not directly interact with the articular cartilage; based on its location in close contact with the synovial membrane, and due to the metabolic properties of adipose tissue, it may influence the behavior of the synovial membrane. In fact, considering evidence of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy, the infrapatellar fat pad is the site of insertion of the infrapatellar and medial synovial plicae. Also biochemically, there is much evidence highlighting the interaction among these two structures; in the case of inflammation, the mutual interplay is ascribable to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators stimulating the proliferation of inflammatory cells and promoting tissue modifications in both. All these assumptions could support the emerging idea that the infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane may be considered a morpho-functional unit.

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“…The function of the IFP is still debated and is hypothesised to play a role in the biomechanics of the knee joint (Platzer, ; Fontanella et al. ). According to the location of the IFP in close contact with the synovial membrane (Geraghty & Spear, ) and the metabolic properties of adipose tissue as potential source of adipokines and cytokines (Ioan‐Facsinay & Kloppenburg, ), the IFP and the synovial membrane are considered a single morpho‐functional unit involved in knee osteoarthritis (OA; Favero et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics of the lobular arrangement indicate the dynamic role played by the infrapatellar fat pad in knee kinematics

et al. 2019

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The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is an intracapsular but extrasynovial structure, located between the patellar tendon, the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau. It consists of white adipose tissue, organised in lobules defined by thin connective septa. The aim of this study is the morphometric and ultrasonographic analysis of IFP in subjects without knee pathology during flexion-extension movements. The morphometric study was conducted on 20 cadavers (15M, 5F, mean age 80.2 years). Ultrasound was performed on 24 volunteers with no history of knee diseases (5M, 19F, mean age: 45 years). The characteristics of the adipose lobules near the patellar tendon and in the deep portion of the IFP were evaluated. Numerical models were provided, according to the size of the lobules. At histological examination, the adipose lobules located near the patellar tendon were larger (mean area 12.2 mm 2 AE 5.3) than those at a deeper level (mean area 1.34 mm 2 AE 0.7, P < 0.001) and the thickness of the septa of the deepest adipose lobules (mean value 0.35 mm AE 0.32) was greater than that of the superficial one (mean value 0.29 mm AE 0.25, P < 0.001). At ultrasound, the IFP was seen to be composed of very large lobules in the superficial part (mean area 0.29 cm 2 AE 0.17 in extension), with a significant reduction in flexion (mean area 0.12 cm 2 AE 0.07, P < 0.01). The deep lobules were smaller (mean area 0.11 cm 2 AE 0.08 in extension) and did not change their values (mean area 0.19 cm 2 AE 0.52 in flexion, P > 0.05). In the sagittal plane, the reduction of thickness of the superficial layer (with large adipose lobules) during flexion was 20.6%, whereas that of the deep layer (with small adipose lobules) was 1.3%. Numerical simulation of vertical loads, corresponding to flexion of the knee, showed that stress mainly developed within the interlobular septa and opposed bulging of the lobules. The characteristics of the lobular arrangement of the IFP (large lobules with superficial septa in the superficial part and small lobules with thick septa in the deep one), significant changes in the areas and perimeters of the superficial lobules, and the reduced thickness of the superficial layer during flexion all indicate the dynamic role played by the IFP in knee kinematics.

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Investigation of biomechanical response of Hoffa's fat pad and comparative characterization

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Systemic and Local Adipose Tissue in Knee Osteoarthritis

Systemic and Local Adipose Tissue in Knee Osteoarthritis

The infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane: an anatomo‐functional unit

The characteristics of the lobular arrangement indicate the dynamic role played by the infrapatellar fat pad in knee kinematics

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