Investigation of blast-induced cerebrospinal fluid cavitation: Insights from a simplified head surrogate

Yu, Xiancheng; Wu, Tianchi; Nguyen, Thuy-Tien; Ghajari, Mazdak

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.104146

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…25,50 Interestingly, we found that the helmet has an adverse effect on CSF cavitation: it slightly increased the negative pressure and the percentage of cavitation in CSF. In our recent study, 49 we experimentally observed the CSF cavitation in a simplified head surrogate under blast wave. Using FE simulation, we found that the blast wave initiates two pressure waves in the surrogate model: the outer wave propagating in the skull surrogate and the inner wave propagating across the brain and CSF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,14,51 In our recent study, we used this CSF material model and found good agreement between the predicted contrecoup CSF pressure and the pressure measured in the experiments. 49 The Combat Helmet Shell and Pad Models…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our recent studies, we used both computational and experimental approaches to investigate the CSF cavitation under blast exposures. 46,47,49 With a simplified physical head surrogate, we showed that non-lethal blasts can already induce CSF cavitation and the following microjets formation at the contrecoup region. We further proposed a mechanism for this phenomenon: the pressure waves transmitting through the skull and tissue simulants are responsible for the generation and collapse of the cavitation bubbles, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We further proposed a mechanism for this phenomenon: the pressure waves transmitting through the skull and tissue simulants are responsible for the generation and collapse of the cavitation bubbles, respectively. 49 Most previous studies used the ICP, strain or strain rate as criteria to assess the bTBI. 12,18,20,36,37,39,43,50 Up to date, no studies have investigated the effect of protective equipment on CSF cavitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Ghajari

2022

Ann Biomed Eng

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The current combat helmets are primarily designed to mitigate blunt impacts and ballistic loadings. Their protection against primary blast wave is not well studied. In this paper, we comprehensively assessed the protective capabilities of the advanced combat helmet and goggles against blast waves with different intensity and directions. Using a high-fidelity human head model, we compared the intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavitation, and brain strain and strain rate predicted from bare head, helmet-head and helmet-goggles-head simulations. The helmet was found to be effective in mitigating the positive ICP (24–57%) and strain rate (5–34%) in all blast scenarios. Goggles were found to be effective in mitigating the positive ICP in frontal (6–16%) and lateral (5–7%) blast exposures. However, the helmet and goggles had minimal effects on mitigating CSF cavitation and even increased brain strain. Further investigation showed that wearing a helmet leads to higher risk of cavitation. In addition, their presence increased the head kinetic energy, leading to larger strains in the brain. Our findings can improve our understanding of the protective effects of helmets and goggles and guide the design of helmet pads to mitigate brain responses to blast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Ghajari

2022

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…The blast tests were conducted with a 59 mm-diameter shock tube system, as described in ( Nguyen et al, 2019 ). The details of the blast test method has been introduced in our recent study ( Yu et al, 2022 ). The surrogate model was placed at 3.5 mm from the outlet of the shock tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Lethal Blasts can Generate Cavitation in Cerebrospinal Fluid While Severe Helmeted Impacts Cannot: A Novel Mechanism for Blast Brain Injury

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavitation is a likely physical mechanism for producing traumatic brain injury (TBI) under mechanical loading. In this study, we investigated CSF cavitation under blasts and helmeted impacts which represented loadings in battlefield and road traffic/sports collisions. We first predicted the human head response under the blasts and impacts using computational modelling and found that the blasts can produce much lower negative pressure at the contrecoup CSF region than the impacts. Further analysis showed that the pressure waves transmitting through the skull and soft tissue are responsible for producing the negative pressure at the contrecoup region. Based on this mechanism, we hypothesised that blast, and not impact, can produce CSF cavitation. To test this hypothesis, we developed a one-dimensional simplified surrogate model of the head and exposed it to both blasts and impacts. The test results confirmed the hypothesis and computational modelling of the tests validated the proposed mechanism. These findings have important implications for prevention and diagnosis of blast TBI.

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Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

Favier

et al. 2024

Defence Technology

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Investigation of blast-induced cerebrospinal fluid cavitation: Insights from a simplified head surrogate

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Non-Lethal Blasts can Generate Cavitation in Cerebrospinal Fluid While Severe Helmeted Impacts Cannot: A Novel Mechanism for Blast Brain Injury

Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

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