Investigation of c-myc and K-ras amplification in renal clear cell adenocarcinoma

Decreased Growth of Vhl−/− Fibrosarcomas Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Cyclin Kinase Inhibitors p21 and p27

“…Further experimentation will reveal whether this pathway is selectively lost during the progression of VHLmediated tumorigenesis, perhaps through mutations in c-Myc itself. Indeed, amplification of c-Myc has been observed in renal clear-cell carcinomas (24). Analysis of the interplay between HIF-responsive genes and those antagonized through c-Myc inhibition will further elucidate the role of hypoxia and pVHL during tumorigenesis.…”

Genetic Aberrations Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Biliary Tract Cancers

“…The minimum overlapping region was 12p12, which corresponds to the chromosomal locus of the K-ras gene (12p12.1). Although it is well known that K-ras mutation is frequent in biliary tract cancers [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], there are only a few reports of K-ras gene amplification in cancers [28, 29]. Accordingly, it is likely that the gain at 12p12 is attributable to an increase in the copy number of gene(s) other than K-ras in biliary tract cancer.…”

Loss of heterozygosity of Kras2 gene on 12p12-13 in Chinese colon carcinoma patients

“…Activated Ras proto-oncogenes, especially Kras2, play an important role in the carcinogenesis of human and rodent tumors. Mutations of Kras2 gene have been found in tumor tissues of human organs, including bladder [11] , breast [12] , rectum [13] , kidney [14] , liver [15] , lung [16] , ovary [17] , pancreas [18] , stomach [19] and hematopoietic system [20] . In general, about 30% cancers display ras gene mutations, while the highest mutation rate is found in colonic and pancreatic cancer [21][22][23][24][25].…”