Investigation of citrinin and monacolin K gene clusters variation among pigment producer Monascus species

Liu, An-An; Chen, Amanda Juan; Liu, Bingyu; Qian, Wei; Bai, Jiao; Hu, Youcai

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103687

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…pilosus ), Penicillium citrinum ( P . citrinum ), Trichoderma viride etc 42 – 45 . The lovastatin BGC comparison showed that lovI was absent in A. terreus w25 and M6925 strains, and lovI was linked with lovF in A. terreus ATCC 20541.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequence characterization of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20541 and genome comparison of the fungi A. terreus

Mortensen

Chang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Aspergillus terreus is well-known for lovastatin and itaconic acid production with biomedical and commercial importance. The mechanisms of metabolite formation have been extensively studied to improve their yield through genetic engineering. However, the combined repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), cytochrome P450s (CYP) enzymes, and secondary metabolites (SMs) in the different A. terreus strains has not been well studied yet, especially with respect to the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here we present a 30 Mb whole genome sequence of A. terreus ATCC 20541 in which we predicted 10,410 protein-coding genes. We compared the CAZymes, CYPs enzyme, and SMs across eleven A. terreus strains, and the results indicate that all strains have rich pectin degradation enzyme and CYP52 families. The lovastatin BGC of lovI was linked with lovF in A. terreus ATCC 20541, and the phenomenon was not found in the other strains. A. terreus ATCC 20541 lacked a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (AnaPS) participating in acetylaszonalenin production, which was a conserved protein in the ten other strains. Our results present a comprehensive analysis of CAZymes, CYPs enzyme, and SM diversities in A. terreus strains and will facilitate further research in the function of BGCs associated with valuable SMs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequence characterization of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20541 and genome comparison of the fungi A. terreus

Mortensen

Chang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The genus Monascus contains three well-known species ( M. purpureus , M. ruber, and M. pilosus ) [ 25 ]. Recent studies have shown that Monascus fermentation can increase the content of polyphenols or flavonoids in the fermentation substrate [ 25 , 28 ]. Based on these studies, we fermented Aronia with M. purpureus , confirmed the increase in the content of gallic acid, and examined the underlying mechanism of the gallic acid on the inhibition of melanogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPLC analysis of the sample was performed according to the method of [ 28 ]. Identification of the polyphenol compounds in the Aronia sample was performed using an HPLC system (Dionex UltiMate 3000 Series, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with a Syncronis C18 analytical column (5

m, 250 mm × 4.6mm) (Thermo Fisher Scientific).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that Monascus purpureus fermentation can increase the content of polyphenols or flavonoids in the fermentation substrate [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The genus Monascus contains three well-known species ( M. purpureus, M. ruber, and M. pilosus ), which are often used for rice fermentation to produce red yeast rice [ 28 ]. In our study, we fermented Aronia melanocarpa with Monascus purpureus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermented Aronia melanocarpa Inhibits Melanogenesis through Dual Mechanisms of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β and PKA/CREB Pathways

2023

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UV light causes excessive oxidative stress and abnormal melanin synthesis, which results in skin hyperpigmentation disorders such as freckles, sunspots, and age spots. Much research has been carried out to discover natural plants for ameliorating these disorders. Aronia melanocarpa contains various polyphenolic compounds with antioxidative activities, but its effects on melanogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of fermented Aronia melanocarpa (FA) fermented with Monascus purpureus on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanism in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. Our results indicate that FA inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells. FA significantly downregulated the PKA/CREB pathway, resulting in decreased protein levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and MITF. FA also inhibited the transcription of MITF by increasing the phosphorylation levels of both GSK3β and AKT. Interestingly, we demonstrated that these results were owing to the significant increase in gallic acid, a phenolic compound of Aronia melanocarpa produced after the fermentation of Monascus purpureus. Taken together, our research suggests that Aronia melanocarpa fermented with Monascus purpureus acts as a melanin inhibitor and can be used as a potential cosmetic or therapeutic for improving hyperpigmentation disorders.

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“…CIT is mainly produced by Penicillium , Aspergillus and Monascus genera [ 26 ]. The reports of CIT biosynthesis are confusing and the known CIT clusters from Penicillium and Monascus species contain 6~9 genes [ 84 , 85 , 86 ]. He and Cox confirmed that CIT biosynthesis requires at least 6 genes by heterologous expression of the CIT biosynthetic genes in A. oryzae [ 19 ].…”

Section: Regulation Mechanism Of Mycotoxin Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Regulation of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Wang

Liang

et al. 2022

JoF

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Mycotoxin contamination in food poses health hazards to humans. Current methods of controlling mycotoxins still have limitations and more effective approaches are needed. During the past decades of years, variable environmental factors have been tested for their influence on mycotoxin production leading to elucidation of a complex regulatory network involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis. These regulators are putative targets for screening molecules that could inhibit mycotoxin synthesis. Here, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of hierarchical regulators, including pathway-specific regulators, global regulators and epigenetic regulators, on the production of the most critical mycotoxins (aflatoxins, patulin, citrinin, trichothecenes and fumonisins). Future studies on regulation of mycotoxins will provide valuable knowledge for exploring novel methods to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis in a more efficient way.

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Investigation of citrinin and monacolin K gene clusters variation among pigment producer Monascus species

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Whole genome sequence characterization of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20541 and genome comparison of the fungi A. terreus

Whole genome sequence characterization of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20541 and genome comparison of the fungi A. terreus

Fermented Aronia melanocarpa Inhibits Melanogenesis through Dual Mechanisms of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β and PKA/CREB Pathways

Genetic Regulation of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

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