Investigation of contact formation mechanism and application of copper-based front contact paste for crystalline silicon solar cells

Study on the preparation of ascorbic acid reduced ultrafine copper powders in the presence of different protectants and the properties of copper powders based on methionine protection

“…1–5 Further conductive patterns with high uniformity and high electrical conductivity can be realized by printed electronics, which is considered to be the most promising alternative to silver in the future and has received widespread attention. 6–9 However, the smaller particle sizes, narrower distribution, higher activity, and easy oxidization pose inevitable limitations on the preparation and storage of the ultrafine copper powder particles. 10 Although various methods exist for preparing ultrafine copper powder particles including physical and chemical methods, wet chemical synthesis is considered to be the more desirable method for industrial applications due to its strong controllability of particle size morphology.…”

Titanium Silicide: A Promising Candidate of Recombination Layer for Perovskite/Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact Silicon Two-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells

“… 26 Hence, utilizing a homojunction solar cell as the bottom cell is advantageous for the industrialization of tandem cells. Owing to their high-temperature tolerance, 27 , 28 TOPCon cells are fully compatible with the current manufacturing processes for PERC and highly efficient perovskite top cells. Reportedly, TOPCon cells have exhibited an efficiency of 26.7%, 12 indicating their potential as bottom cells in tandem solar cells.…”