Investigation of cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and estrogenic effects of the flame retardants tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(2-chloropropyl)-phosphate (TCPP) in vitro

Föllmann, Wolfram; Wober, Jannette

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.08.008

Cited by 69 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The cells were washed with PBS for three times prior to imaging. The concentration of TCEP used here should not have any cytotoxicity according to the literatures reported40. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Labeling Thiols on Proteins, Living Cells and Tissues with Enhanced Emission Induced by FRET

Yuan

Wang

Mei

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Using N-(2-Aminoethyl)maleimide-cysteine(StBu) (Mal-Cys) as a medium, protein thiols were converted into N-terminal cysteines. After a biocompatible condensation reaction between the N-terminal cysteine and fluorescent probe 2-cyanobenzothiazole-Gly-Gly-Gly-fluorescein isothiocyanate (CBT-GGG-FITC), a new fluorogenic structure Luciferin-GGG-FITC was obtained. The latter exhibits near one order of magnitude (7 folds) enhanced fluorescence emission compared to the precursor moiety due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect between the newly formed luciferin structure and the FITC motif. Theoretical investigations revealed the underlying mechanism that satisfactorily explained the experimental results. With this method, enhanced fluorescence imaging of thiols on proteins, outer membranes of living cells, translocation of membrane proteins, and endothelial cell layers of small arteries was successfully achieved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Labeling Thiols on Proteins, Living Cells and Tissues with Enhanced Emission Induced by FRET

Yuan

Wang

Mei

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…It should be noted that in these experiments, the ligands remaining per cell after DTT treatment, not the concentration of DTT used, is the most important metric for a successful selection. In the event that a ligand expresses at a level requiring greater than 10 mM DTT for the necessary level of ligand removal, other reducing agents with less cytotoxicity 29 , such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), should be tested for efficacy and yeast viability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titratable Avidity Reduction Enhances Affinity Discrimination in Mammalian Cellular Selections of Yeast-Displayed Ligands

et al. 2017

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Yeast surface display selections against mammalian cell monolayers have proven effective in isolating proteins with novel binding activity. Recent advances in this technique allow for recovery of clones with even micromolar binding affinity. However, no efficient method has been shown for affinity based selection in this context. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of titratable avidity reduction using dithiothreitol (DTT) to achieve this goal. A series of epidermal growth factor receptor binding fibronectin domains with a range of affinities are used to quantitatively identify the number of ligands per yeast cell that yield the strongest selectivity between strong, moderate, and weak affinities. Notably, reduction of ligand display to 3,000 – 6,000 ligands per yeast cell yields 16-fold selectivity of a 2 nM binder relative to a 17 nM binder. These lessons are applied to affinity maturation of an EpCAM-binding fibronectin population, yielding an enriched pool of ligands with significantly stronger affinity than an analogous pool sorted by standard cellular selection methods. Collectively, this study offers a facile approach for affinity selection of yeast displayed ligands against full length cellular targets and demonstrates the effectiveness of this method by generating EpCAM-binding ligands that are promising for further applications.

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“…Elimination is by urinary and fecal routes in rats, with urinary excretion being identified as the primary route [39]. In one study, 89% of the dose was eliminated in 72 h via urine [40]. Acute toxicity by the oral route is reported to be low to [50][51][52], whereas the mechanisms involved in TCEP neuropathology are not definitively known at present moderate, with an LD 50 value in rats in the range of 1,017-4,200 mg/kg bw [24].…”

Section: Ion Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardant-Induced Acute Intoxications in Dogs

2010

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Investigation of cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and estrogenic effects of the flame retardants tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(2-chloropropyl)-phosphate (TCPP) in vitro

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

Labeling Thiols on Proteins, Living Cells and Tissues with Enhanced Emission Induced by FRET

Labeling Thiols on Proteins, Living Cells and Tissues with Enhanced Emission Induced by FRET

Titratable Avidity Reduction Enhances Affinity Discrimination in Mammalian Cellular Selections of Yeast-Displayed Ligands

Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardant-Induced Acute Intoxications in Dogs

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