Investigation of Different I-WAG Schemes Toward Optimization of Displacement Efficiency

Mirkalaei, Seyed Mousa Mousavi; Hoseini, Javad; Masoudi, Rahim; Ataei, Abdolrahim; Demiral, Birol; Karkooti, Hooman

doi:10.2118/144891-ms

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Currently, the optimization of WAG extraction schemes is the focus of many oil fields and related researchers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Rodrigues et al [21] used CMG reservoir numerical simulation software to optimize the application of WAG in a sub-salt offshore field in Brazil and proposed a design method for CO 2 -WAG operations in carbonate reservoirs, focusing on the economics, the CO 2 cycle efficiency, and project risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Oil Production and CO2 Storage Effect in CO2-Water-Alternating-Gas Injection (CO2-WAG)

Gong

Liu

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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In recent years, CO2 flooding has emerged as an efficient method for improving oil recovery. It also has the advantage of storing CO2 underground. As one of the promising types of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), CO2 water-alternating-gas injection (CO2-WAG) can suppress CO2 fingering and early breakthrough problems that occur during oil recovery by CO2 flooding. However, the evaluation of CO2-WAG is strongly dependent on the injection parameters, which in turn renders numerical simulations computationally expensive. So, in this work, machine learning is used to help predict how well CO2-WAG will work when different injection parameters are used. A total of 216 models were built by using CMG numerical simulation software to represent CO2-WAG development scenarios of various injection parameters where 70% of them were used as training sets and 30% as testing sets. A random forest regression algorithm was used to predict CO2-WAG performance in terms of oil production, CO2 storage amount, and CO2 storage efficiency. The CO2-WAG period, CO2 injection rate, and water–gas ratio were chosen as the three main characteristics of injection parameters. The prediction results showed that the predicted value of the test set was very close to the true value. The average absolute prediction deviations of cumulative oil production, CO2 storage amount, and CO2 storage efficiency were 1.10%, 3.04%, and 2.24%, respectively. Furthermore, it only takes about 10 s to predict the results of all 216 scenarios by using machine learning methods, while the CMG simulation method spends about 108 min. It demonstrated that the proposed machine-learning method can rapidly predict CO2-WAG performance with high accuracy and high computational efficiency under conditions of various injection parameters. This work gives more insights into the optimization of the injection parameters for CO2-EOR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Oil Production and CO2 Storage Effect in CO2-Water-Alternating-Gas Injection (CO2-WAG)

Gong

Liu

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…Several studies have been presented towards optimizing the performance of the WAG technique since the advent of EOR such as the use of evolutionary algorithms (Ferreira et al, 2018). These methods rely on the use of commercial reservoir simulators to investigate critical parameters associated with the WAG method of EOR (Algharaib et al, 2007;Shi et al, 2008;Mousavi Mirkalaei et al, 2011;Jiang et al, 2012). For the efficient design of the scheme, adequate evaluation of the effect of WAG ratio, water and gas injection rate, water and gas cycle period, field pressure on production rates and oil recovery factor is vital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the use of Water Alternated Gas Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Kinate

Nwosi-Anele

Nwankwo

2022

J. earth energy eng.

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Hydrocarbon production from underneath naturally fractured sandstone formations will reach a mature phase of production where natural pressure can no longer force fluids to the surface facilities, therefore, a cost-effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) approach is required to recover the remaining oil. Water alternated gas(WAG) injection is a promising EOR method that utilize the combine advantage of water and gas injection to achieve better mobility control, improved sweep efficiency and overall recovery from the given reservoir. In this study, a miscible WAG to a core flood model using numerical simulation techniques (Eclipse Reservoir Simulator – Black Oil Model Option) was investigated. A case study reservoir X was produced for 15 years using three wells after initial forecast showed that natural depletion could not sustain production from the earliest time of production. With different simulation scenarios that represent specific case of WAG ratio, optimal WAG ratio using oil recovery factor was selected and used to perform twelve (12) simulation runs to ascertain the influence of WAG cycle period on oil recovery factor. The most effective WAG cycle scenario was 90W-30G with oil recovery factor of 0.54684 (54.68 %) and cumulative production of 14.987MMSTB, while 30W-90G gives the lowest oil recovery factor and cumulative production of 0.47468 (47.47%) and 12.996MMSTB respectively. Hence, higher water cycling period is required for better oil recovery. Also, lower water to gas injection rates (WAG ratio) enhances the recovery of oil from the reservoir. Results reveals that despite predicted higher recovery factor, lower WAG ratio showed a potential of relatively poor pressure maintenance which can impact future recovery from the reservoir

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“…CO 2 IWAG projects have been implemented with varying WAG ratios and gas slug sizes, resulting in incremental reserves ranging from 2% to 9% and oil recovery from 14% to 20% [4]. In particular, several CO 2 IWAG studies and pilot test projects have been implemented in offshore oilfields such as the Dulang field offshore Malaysia [5], E field offshore west Africa [6], western India offshore [7] and the North Sea [8,9]. These indicate that the CO 2 IWAG applications in offshore oilfields are also beneficial for oil recovery and CO 2 storage, and receiving significant attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Immiscible Water-Alternating-CO2 Flooding in the Liuhua Oilfield Offshore Guangdong, China

et al. 2020

Energies

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In this paper, the immiscible water-alternating-CO2 flooding process at the LH11-1 oilfield, offshore Guangdong Province, was firstly evaluated using full-field reservoir simulation models. Based on a 3D geological model and oil production history, 16 scenarios of water-alternating-CO2 injection operations with different water alternating gas (WAG) ratios and slug sizes, as well as continuous CO2 injection (Con-CO2) and primary depletion production (No-CO2) scenarios, have been simulated spanning 20 years. The results represent a significant improvement in oil recovery by CO2 WAG over both Con-CO2 and No-CO2 scenarios. The WAG ratio and slug size of water affect the efficiency of oil recovery and CO2 injection. The optimum operations are those with WAG ratios lower than 1:2, which have the higher ultimate oil recovery factor of 24%. Although WAG reduced the CO2 injection volume, the CO2 storage efficiency is still high, more than 84% of the injected CO2 was sequestered in the reservoir. Results indicate that the immiscible water-alternating-CO2 processes can be optimized to improve significantly the performance of pressure maintenance and oil recovery in offshore reef heavy-oil reservoirs significantly. The simulation results suggest that the LH11-1 field is a good candidate site for immiscible CO2 enhanced oil recovery and storage for the Guangdong carbon capture, utilization and storage (GDCCUS) project.

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Investigation of Different I-WAG Schemes Toward Optimization of Displacement Efficiency

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Oil Production and CO2 Storage Effect in CO2-Water-Alternating-Gas Injection (CO2-WAG)

Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Oil Production and CO2 Storage Effect in CO2-Water-Alternating-Gas Injection (CO2-WAG)

Evaluation of the use of Water Alternated Gas Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Simulation of Immiscible Water-Alternating-CO2 Flooding in the Liuhua Oilfield Offshore Guangdong, China

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