Investigation of diffuse axonal injury induced by rotational acceleration via numerical reconstructions ofin vivorat head impact experiments

Influence of Skull Fracture on Traumatic Brain Injury Risk Induced by Blunt Impact

“…For 25 km/h, only small linear skull fractures were predicted in the frontal and occipital regions (Figure 8a,g, respectively); but no fracture was predicted in the parietal region (Figure 8d maximum strain response appeared in the brain impact region were selected for a calculation of average peak MPS. The CSDM has long been used as an essential injury index for the prediction of the DBI caused by brain tissue deformation [34,35], and is defined as the volume percentage of elements with the peak MPS exceeding a certain strain threshold for the target regions, as follows:…”

“…The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the skull fracture on TBIs under head-ground impacts. A total of 18 head-ground impact simulations were conducted by applying the newly improved THUMS-head FE model with skull element damage modeling and the original THUMS-head FE model, while three head impact locations (frontal, parietal, and occipital regions) and three impact velocities (25,35, and 45 km/h) were employed. As the impact location was varied, the BrIC values of three impact models were calculated to assess whether the risk of brain injuries was consistent at the same velocity.…”

“…where ε 1 is the elemental peak MPS and ε c the defined strain threshold. The white matter of the cerebrum and brainstem was selected as the target regions for the CSDM calculation, and the current strain threshold was set to 0.15 [34][35][36].…”

Thresholds for the assessment of inflicted head injury by shaking trauma in infants: a systematic review

“…A total of 73 threshold values related to IHI-ST were found in a total of 37 studies [7,8,[18][19][20]23,24,26,27,31,34,42,43,47,. Most thresholds were found for neck injuries and intracranial bleedings, while thresholds for retinal injuries were scarce.…”

“…The obtained data are compared to injury thresholds for bulk dynamical aspects, such as rotational acceleration of the skull, in order to assess the probability of injury [7,8,14]. Such injury thresholds and head dynamics are hard to obtain directly from infants due to ethical considerations and hence are based on experiments with surrogates [15][16][17], mathematical models [8,18,19] or on extrapolated or scaled adultor animal data [7,8,20].…”