Investigation of Direction of Arrival Estimation Using Characteristic Modes

Grundmann, Lukas; Peitzmeier, Nikolai; Manteuffel, Dirk

doi:10.23919/eucap51087.2021.9410924

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, these solutions are either not discussed for closely spaced arrays, or the problem is not solved through antenna design novelty, often relying on the use of algorithms and calibration methods (resulting in additional computational time and antenna gain degradation), or the solutions have increased ohmic losses. Switched beams, single and multi-mode antennas have been investigated for AoA estimation, e.g., in [9]- [14]. Electronically steerable parasitic array radiators are used in [9]; leaky-wave antennas are reported in [10]; planar multimode antennas exploiting different sets of so called 'characteristic modes' on the same antenna are studied in [13]; weight coefficients of the characteristic modes supported by a cubic structure are proposed in [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Switched beams, single and multi-mode antennas have been investigated for AoA estimation, e.g., in [9]- [14]. Electronically steerable parasitic array radiators are used in [9]; leaky-wave antennas are reported in [10]; planar multimode antennas exploiting different sets of so called 'characteristic modes' on the same antenna are studied in [13]; weight coefficients of the characteristic modes supported by a cubic structure are proposed in [14]. However, in the above works, size constraint is still an issue because parasitic elements require separation comparable to the element spacing in arrays to produce sufficient phase variations [9]; additionally the switching between different antenna configurations, requires extra time for the AoA estimation, which can be a significant problem for multiple moving sources [9], [10]; matching networks are still required in [12]; accurate modelling techniques are needed for multiple impinging signals in [13]; or only single signal detection is analyzed [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploiting Multimode Antennas for MIMO and AoA Estimation in Size-Constrained IoT Devices

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work proposes compact multimode Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas for Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation in miniaturized Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The method excites different orthogonal radiating modes (TM 21 , TM 02 , and TM 31 modes) for beamforming capabilities, and the AoA performance is investigated using the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, executed using numerical and experimental data. The technique is tested at 2.238 GHz, while using an antenna diameter < 7.5 cm. Overall, an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) < 0.01 is realized between all antenna ports, and a 360 • field of view AoA estimation is demonstrated across the entire azimuthal plane with mean absolute errors smaller than 0.098 • . Furthermore, it is shown that the capability of separating multiple simultaneous impinging signals is comparable to that of state-of-the-art circular arrays with similar number of RF transceivers, while offering respectively up to 35% and 71% antenna diameter and height miniaturization.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Multimode Antennas for MIMO and AoA Estimation in Size-Constrained IoT Devices

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the antenna side, usually antenna arrays are considered for DoA estimation [11]. More recently, DoA estimation with a single MMA has been proposed [12], [13]. An MMA consists of a single antenna element, where multiple characteristic modes [14], [15] are excited independently [16], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE13. Absolute DoA estimation error with respect to anchor node A2 using the antenna response from EM simulation, measured in a near-field chamber and obtained by the in-situ calibration Algorithm 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian In-Situ Calibration of Multiport Antennas for DoA Estimation: Theory and Measurements

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The DoA of radio waves is used for many applications, e.g. the localization of autonomous robots and smart vehicles. Estimating the DoA is possible with a multiport antenna, e.g. an antenna array or a multi-mode antenna (MMA). In practice, DoA estimation performance decisively depends on accurate knowledge of the antenna response, which makes antenna calibration vital. As the antenna surroundings influence its response, it is necessary to measure the entire device with installed antenna to obtain the installed antenna response. Antenna calibration is often done in a dedicated measurement chamber, which can be inconvenient and costly, especially for larger devices. Thus, auto-and in-situ calibration methods aim at making antenna calibration in a measurement chamber redundant. However, existing auto-and in-situ calibration methods are restricted to certain antenna types and certain calibrations. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian in-situ calibration algorithm based on a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator, which is suitable for arbitrary multiport antennas. The algorithm uses received signals from a transmitter, noisy external DoA observations, takes multipath propagation into account and does not require synchronization. Furthermore, we take an estimation theoretic perspective and provide an in-depth theoretical discussion of in-situ antenna calibration in unknown propagation conditions based on Bayesian information and the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound (BCRB). Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm operates close to the BCRB and the achieved DoA estimation performance asymptotically approaches the case of a perfectly known antenna response. Finally, we provide an experimental validation, where we calibrate the antenna on a robotic rover and evaluate the DoA estimation performance using measurement data. With the proposed in-situ antenna calibration algorithm, DoA estimation performance is considerably improved compared to using an antenna response obtained by simulation or in a measurement chamber.

show abstract

The Sphere as a Reference in Direction Finding Antenna Development Using Characteristic Modes

Grundmann

Manteuffel

2022

2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A deterministic evaluation procedure for multi-port direction finding antennas is proposed. It is based on a direction finding uncertainty parameter, which describes how well different directions of arrival and polarizations are distinguishable. By investigating a simple antenna array, it is shown that the proposed parameter provides additional insight into the behavior of an antenna system, when compared to established methods. Moreover, since the uncertainty parameter is calculated from a set of far fields, it is applicable to port far fields as well as Characteristic Modes. This finding is utilized to derive a design guidance: Starting with a set of Characteristic Mode far fields, the angular distribution of the uncertainty is investigated to verify that no ambiguities are present. Different sets of far fields are compared and the differences regarding their direction finding behavior are visualized and explained using the uncertainty in conjunction with an estimate of the incident field. To quantify these differences, a key performance indicator is introduced that summarizes the direction finding capabilities over a selected angular region. To demonstrate the design process, a Multi-Mode Multi-Port Antenna with three uncorrelated ports is developed, manufactured and measured.

show abstract

Investigation of Direction of Arrival Estimation Using Characteristic Modes

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Exploiting Multimode Antennas for MIMO and AoA Estimation in Size-Constrained IoT Devices

Exploiting Multimode Antennas for MIMO and AoA Estimation in Size-Constrained IoT Devices

Bayesian In-Situ Calibration of Multiport Antennas for DoA Estimation: Theory and Measurements

The Sphere as a Reference in Direction Finding Antenna Development Using Characteristic Modes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About