Investigation of drainage structures in the karst aquifer system through turbidity anomaly, hydrological, geochemical and stable isotope analysis (Kiyan springs, western Iran)

Kiyani, Vahed; Esmaili, Abbas; Alijani, Farshad; Samani, Saeideh; Vasić, Ljiljana

doi:10.1007/s12665-022-10627-y

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The Gibbs models are employed to characterize influencing mechanisms, such as atmospheric input, water-rock interaction, and evaporation-crystallization effects [31,46] (Figure 9).…”

Section: Differences In Hydrochemical Types and Their Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Na + /(Na + + Ca 2+ ) ratio diagram, the summer samples are located below and to the left of the winter samples, indicating a greater influence of rock weathering in the summer, which is likely due to the higher water temperature and stronger water-rock interaction. In the Cl − /(Cl − + HCO3 − ) ratio diagram, the winter samples are positioned above the summer samples, suggesting a higher TDS in winter, which also implies a greater influence of The Gibbs models are employed to characterize influencing mechanisms, such as atmospheric input, water-rock interaction, and evaporation-crystallization effects [31,46] (Figure 9). Therefore, water bodies are more influenced by water-rock interaction in summer than in winter seasons; this is not only related to water temperatures, but also to factors such as different seasonal atmospheric precipitation and evaporation.…”

Section: Differences In Hydrochemical Types and Their Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summer, it is primarily of the HCO3•SO4•Cl−Na•Mg•Ca type, while in winter seasons, it is mainly the HCO3•SO4•Cl−Na•Ca•Mg type.Therefore, the types of river water and groundwater differ in different seasons, while the hydrochemical types of terminal lakes are not influenced by the seasons. It is evident that the differences in hydrochemical composition and types are related to water temperature, precipitation, the leaching effect of groundwater, and the evaporative precipitation effect.The Gibbs models are employed to characterize influencing mechanisms, such as atmospheric input, water-rock interaction, and evaporation-crystallization effects[31,46] (Figure9).Generally, the Na + /(Na + + Ca 2+ ) and Cl − /(Cl − + HCO3 − ) ratios of water samples from both watersheds in different seasons are distributed towards the middle-right position in the Gibbs diagram, indicating that the hydrochemical composition of the study area's water bodies deviates as a result of atmospheric precipitation, and is mainly controlled by rock weathering and evaporation crystallization. The absence of lake water samples in the Gibbs diagram of the Golmud River is due to a TDS that exceeds 10 5 mg/L, indicating that the lake water is influenced by other factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and the Spatiotemporal Differences of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Qaidam Basin, China

Yang,

Wei,

Shi

2023

Water

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In the context of climate change, precipitation and runoff in the arid inland basins of northwest China have undergone significant changes. The Qaidam Basin (QB) is a typical highland arid inland area. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations in surface water and groundwater chemistry and isotopes, as well as their causes, is crucial for future water resource management and ecological protection. Samples of river, lake, and groundwater, as well as others, were collected and tested in five typical watersheds in the summer and winter. The hydrochemistry and isotopic spatiotemporal differences in various water bodies were studied using the significant difference method, water vapor flux models, hydrochemistry, isotopes, and other methods for cause analyses. The results indicate the following: (1) There are differences in hydrochemistry between the southern and northern basins because the southern basin is more influenced by the dissolution of salt rocks and evaporation, whereas the northern basin is mainly affected by carbonate weathering. (2) The enrichment of δD and δ18O in the northern basin gradually increases from west to east, while in the southern basin, it is the opposite. This is because the southern basin receives a larger contribution of water vapor from the mid-latitude westerlies, while the northern basin primarily relies on local evaporation as its water vapor source. (3) Significant differences are observed in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and hydrochemical types of river water and groundwater between the summer and winter due to higher rates of rock weathering and evaporation in the summer. (4) The more pronounced seasonal differences in hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the southern basin are due to higher rates of internal water vapor circulation in the summer. (5) The similarity in characteristics between river water and groundwater is the result of strong exchanges between river water and groundwater from piedmonts to terminals. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of terminal lakes is attributed to the accumulation of salts and groundwater replenishment from other sources.

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“…The Gibbs models are employed to characterize influencing mechanisms, such as atmospheric input, water-rock interaction, and evaporation-crystallization effects [31,46] (Figure 9).…”

Section: Differences In Hydrochemical Types and Their Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences In Hydrochemical Types and Their Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and the Spatiotemporal Differences of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Qaidam Basin, China

Yang,

Wei,

Shi

2023

Water

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“…The former method is used to directly observe the real and dynamic state of the groundwater, while the latter can prevent the impact of the repeated applications of instruments or tracers on groundwater and reduce the damage to underground hydrogeological structures 1 . The conventional methods used to monitor groundwater flow velocities and directions include hydrogeophysical prospecting, the tracer method, and the injection method 1 – 8 , or a combination of multiple methods 3 , 9 . Of the contact monitoring methods, using a colloidal borescope based on microimaging allows the analysis and calculation of groundwater velocities and directions by tracking the motion of colloidal particles in groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved technology for monitoring groundwater flow velocity and direction in fractured rock system based on colloidal particles motion

Hu,

Huang,

Han

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The colloidal borescope, using colloidal particle motion, is used to monitor the flow velocities and directions of groundwater. It integrates advanced techniques such as microscopy, high-speed photography, and big data computing and enjoys high sensitivity at the micron level. However, In the same well, the groundwater flow velocity monitored by colloidal hole mirror is varies greatly from that obtained by conventional hydrogeological monitoring, such as pumping test. In order to solve this problem, the stability catcher and stratified packer are designed to control the interference of the vertical flow in drilling, and to monitor the flow velocity and direction of groundwater velocity at the target aquifer and target fracture. Five wells with different aquifers and different groundwater types were selected for monitoring in south-central China. The instantaneous velocity and direction are converted into east–west component and north–south component, the average velocity and direction is calculated according to the time of 10 min, and the particle trajectory diagram is established. Based on these results, it proposed a concept of cumulative flow velocity. Using curve-fitting equations, the limits of cumulative flow velocities as the monitoring time tends to infinity were then calculated as the actual flow velocities of the groundwater. The permeability coefficient of aquifer is calculated by using the fissure ratio of aquifer, hydraulic slope and flow velocity, and compared with the permeability coefficient obtained by pumping test. The results are as follows: (1) The variation coefficient of the instantaneous flow velocity measured at the same depth in the same well at different times is greater than that of the time average flow velocity and greater than that of the cumulative flow velocity. The variation coefficient of the actual velocity is the smallest, indicating that the risk of using the actual flow velocity is lower. (2) The variation coefficient of the flow rate monitored at different depths in the same well is mainly controlled by the properties of the aquifer. The more uniform water storage space in the aquifer, the smaller the variation coefficient. (3) The comparison between the permeability coefficient obtained by monitoring and the permeability coefficient obtained by pumping test shows that the flow of structural fissure water controlled by planar fissure is more surface flow, and the results are consistent. When the groundwater flow is controlled by pores and solution gaps, the flow channel is complicated, which is easy to produce turbulent flow, and the result consistency is poor. (4) According to different research accuracy requirements, different monitoring and calculation methods can be selected for different aquifers and groundwater types. Researches show that, the permeability coefficient calculated for the actual flow velocity in well DR01 is the same as that calculated for the pumping test. The aquifer characteristics reflected by the coefficient of variation of the actual flow velocity in the same aquifer are more realistic. The pumping test method obtains the comprehensive parameters of a certain aquifer, and this method can be used to monitor a certain fissure. In this paper, the new technology developed for monitoring, and the new algorithm established for data processing, can accurately obtain the flow velocity and direction of groundwater, using capsule hole mirror monitoring method. The key parameters of hydrogeology can be obtained by using one well, which can reduce the time and cost input and improve the work efficiency.

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“…Moreover, it can reveal the pollution source, diffusion direction, and influence range of pollutants. Therefore, researchers have done a lot of work in surface water quality analysis based on remote sensing [4,5]. These studies mainly focus on oil pollution, suspended solids (e.g., sediment and microorganisms), and water eutrophication [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Key Water Quality Parameters in the Surface Water, Middle of Northeast China, Based on Gaussian Process Regression

et al. 2022

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To estimate the key water quality parameters on a large scale, based on Pearson’s correlation analysis and band ratio, this study first obtains multiple sensitive band combinations (R ≥ 0.30, p < 0.01) for three key water quality parameters: dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). Then, principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensions and analyze multiple optimal combinations, and the first three principal components (PCs) of the optimal combinations are selected to analyze the water quality parameters. Finally, the water quality parameter models of DO, TN, and TP are proposed and compared based on spectral analysis and field measured water quality data respectively using Gaussian process regression and PCs for each parameter. Through model verification and by comparing the performance of the three models, it is found that the TP model performed well (R = 0.9824, p < 0.01), and TP grade accuracy rate is up to 94.97%. Through the error analysis of TN and DO, it is found that 93.0% of error samples occurs when TP < 0.1 mg/L in the water quality. These results would provide a scientific basis for water quality monitoring and water environment management in the study area and could also be used as a reference for water quality monitoring in other basins.

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Investigation of drainage structures in the karst aquifer system through turbidity anomaly, hydrological, geochemical and stable isotope analysis (Kiyan springs, western Iran)

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and the Spatiotemporal Differences of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Qaidam Basin, China

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and the Spatiotemporal Differences of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Qaidam Basin, China

An improved technology for monitoring groundwater flow velocity and direction in fractured rock system based on colloidal particles motion

Estimation of the Key Water Quality Parameters in the Surface Water, Middle of Northeast China, Based on Gaussian Process Regression

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