Investigation of effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the chromosomal complement of CD-1 mouse embryos

Ma, Sai; Kalousek, Dagmar K.; Yuen, Basil Ho; Moon, Young Soo

doi:10.1007/bf02766134

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These effects have been attributed to ovarian stimulation using standard doses of gonadotropins. At higher doses of gonadotropins, studies have found increased frequencies of oocyte aneuploidy, embryo mortality, fetal growth retardation and congenital abnormalities [22,23]. …”

Section: Part Onementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of aromatase inhibitors in ameliorating deleterious effects of ovarian stimulation on outcome of infertility treatment

Mitwally

Casper

Diamond

2005

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Clinical utilization of ovulation stimulation to facilitate the ability of a couple to conceive has not only provided a valuable therapeutic approach, but has also yielded extensive information on the physiology of ovarian follicular recruitment, endometrial receptivity and early embryo competency. One of the consequences of the use of fertility enhancing agents for ovarian stimulation has been the creation of a hyperestrogenic state, which may influence each of these parameters. Use of aromatase inhibitors reduces hyperestrogenism inevitably attained during ovarian stimulation. In addition, the adjunct use of aromatase inhibitors during ovarian stimulation reduces amount of gonadotropins required for optimum stimulation. The unique approach of reducing hyperestrogenism, as well as lowering amount of gonadotropins without affecting the number of mature ovarian follicles is an exciting strategy that could result in improvement in the treatment outcome by ameliorating the deleterious effects of the ovarian stimulation on follicular development, endometrial receptivity, as well as oocyte and embryo quality. PART ONE IntroductionCurrent epidemiological evidence suggests that 15% of couples will experience infertility. Background prevalence rates now appear to be reasonably stable, but there is evidence of an increase in the rate of referrals for medical help [1,2]. Farley and Belsey, 1988 [3], have reported estimates of the prevalence (percentage) of primary infertility by region and country.

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Section: Part Onementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of aromatase inhibitors in ameliorating deleterious effects of ovarian stimulation on outcome of infertility treatment

Mitwally

Casper

Diamond

2005

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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“…Therefore, oocyte maturation and quality are influenced not only by factors acting directly on the female gamete, but also by regulators of the follicular environment. Clearly, this is indicated by the effects of exogenous gonadotrophins used in ovarian stimulation to alter oocyte metabolism (Fagbohun and Downs, 1992;Zuelke and Brackett, 1992;Downs et al, 1996;Roberts et al, 2004), ATP content, transcription (Combelles and Albertini, 2003), degeneration (Yun et al, 1987(Yun et al, , 1989, asynchronous nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation (Yun et al, 1987(Yun et al, , 1989, microfilament distribution (Lee et al, 2005(Lee et al, , 2006, oocyte-derived embryo polyploidy (Maudlin and Fraser, 1977;Sato and Marrs, 1986;Ma et al, 1997) and developmental competence (Pellicer et al, 1989;Blondin et al, 1996;Ertzeid and Storeng, 2001; Van der Auwera and D'Hooghe, 2001;Cheon et al, 2004;Racowsky et al, 2005;Andersen et al, 2006). Furthermore, it is also important to remember that supranumary oocytes retrieved for ART are not all destined to ovulate without the assistance of ovarian stimulation.…”

Section: Follicular Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ART failure: oocyte contributions to unsuccessful fertilization

Swain

Pool

2008

Human Reproduction Update

245

163

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BACKGROUND: The complexity of fertilization failure during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is often under-appreciated, as this failure can occur at any number of essential mechanistic and cellular events. Importantly, successful fertilization is heavily dependent upon inherent qualities of the oocytes, and thus reliant upon fidelity of oocyte maturation. METHODS: Pubmed and medline were searched up to April 2008 for papers on oocyte fertilization and its mechanistic components. References to clinical/human studies were selected wherever possible. RESULTS: Successful oocyte maturation cannot simply be determined via visual assessment of polar body extrusion, but rather entails coordination of numerous cytoplasmic processes not readily observed. Proper regulation of intraoocyte signaling cascades is crucial for sufficient production and storage of carbohydrates and proteins, successful relocation of organelles and regulation of metabolic pathways required for an apparently mature metaphase II oocyte to complete subsequent fertilization events; such as cumulus penetration, sperm/oocyte binding, fusion, oocyte activation, sperm processing and pronuclear (PN) formation. Regulation of oocyte maturation begins during oocyte growth and is intimately connected with events influencing folliculogenesis. Therefore, the oocyte is subject to a multitude of potential effector impacting fertilization potential and developmental competence long before encountering the artificial environment of the IVF laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: Although meticulous care and continued research is essential for future improvement, failure to fertilize and properly form PN following clinical ART is likely to be dependent on historical events in oocyte maturation, not easily explained or prevented through simple modification of contemporary laboratory protocols.

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“…The results of most studies demonstrated that superovulation was not associated with an increase of aneuploidy (reviewed in [93]), with a few notable exceptions suggesting that some mouse strains and other species, like the Djungarjan hamster, could be prone to such hormonally induced perturbations of meiosis I [26]. A failed coordination between nuclear and cytoplasmic cycles was the prevalent effect, with an increased frequency of diploid oocytes [26] and embryos [130]. Such inhibition of the first meiotic division was related to an altered communication between the germ cells and the surrounding somatic cells leading to a failure of the endocrine control of meiosis.…”

Section: The Endocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Risk of Chemically Induced Aneuploidy in Mammalian Germ Cells

Pacchierotti¹,

Ranaldi

2006

CPD

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Aneuploidy is a pathological condition that affects 35% of human spontaneous abortions and 0.3% of livebirths. In spite of the increasing knowledge about molecular mechanisms of meiosis and chromosome segregation, maternal age remains the only ascertained aetiological factor. Genetically modified mouse models have been produced that show increased incidence of aneuploid gametes or abnormalities in meiotic recombination and synapsis. They suggest that genetic polymorphisms might also be involved in the aetiology of human germ cell aneuploidy. Experimental studies in the mouse have identified chemicals that can induce aneuploidy in male and female germ cells. Compounds affecting spindle assembly/dynamics are potent aneugens for oocytes and less so also for spermatocytes. They are active at acute doses during a short time interval preceding the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Topoisomerase inhibitors are also meiotic aneugens which act on the recombination process; for the first time, the production of viable aneuploid mouse progeny was shown after paternal treatment with etoposide. A comparison between in vitro and in vivo effects of suspect aneugens demonstrates that there are biological mechanisms protecting mammalian oocytes from acute exposures to exogenous chemicals. Endocrine disruptors are a novel group of compounds that might affect chromosome segregation at meiosis. Data on bisphenol-A suggest that such chemicals could be active at low chronic exposure levels, but this hypothesis needs to be confirmed by further experiments. Experiments on cultured mouse oocytes treated with inhibitors of biochemical reactions involved in the regulation of chromosome segregation point to possible new mechanisms of action of environmental aneugens.

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Investigation of effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the chromosomal complement of CD-1 mouse embryos

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

The role of aromatase inhibitors in ameliorating deleterious effects of ovarian stimulation on outcome of infertility treatment

The role of aromatase inhibitors in ameliorating deleterious effects of ovarian stimulation on outcome of infertility treatment

ART failure: oocyte contributions to unsuccessful fertilization

Mechanisms and Risk of Chemically Induced Aneuploidy in Mammalian Germ Cells

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