Investigation of energy dependence of EBT and EBT‐2 Gafchromic film

Lindsay, Patricia; Rink, Alexandra; Ruschin, Mark; Jaffray, David A.

doi:10.1118/1.3291622

Cited by 79 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The properties of these EBT films have been reported in several publications, based on investigations conducted by using several types of photon, electron, and proton beams 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 . Their energy response 7 , 8 , 11 absorption spectra (9) scanning orientation dependence 10 , 11 film homogeneity (12) temperature dependence 10 , 13 ambient light sensitivity (10) postexposure coloration 10 , 11 and variations among different lot numbers (14) were analyzed. The use of EBT3 films is limited to doses below 1000 cGy, owing to the optimality constraint on the film's red channel (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gafchromic EBT‐XD film: Dosimetry characterization in high‐dose, volumetric‐modulated arc therapy

Miura¹,

Ozawa

Hosono³

et al. 2016

J Applied Clin Med Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiochromic films are important tools for assessing complex dose distributions. Gafchromic EBT‐XD films have been designed for optimal performance in the 40–4,000 cGy dose range. We investigated the dosimetric characteristics of these films, including their dose‐response, postexposure density growth, and dependence on scanner orientation, beam energy, and dose rate with applications to high‐dose volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) verification. A 10 MV beam from a TrueBeam STx linear accelerator was used to irradiate the films with doses in the 0–4,000 cGy range. Postexposure coloration was analyzed at postirradiation times ranging from several minutes to 48 h. The films were also irradiated with 6 MV (dose rate (DR): 600 MU/min), 6 MV flattening filter‐free (FFF) (DR: 1,400 MU/ min), and 10 MV FFF (DR: 2,400 MU/min) beams to determine the energy and dose‐rate dependence. For clinical examinations, we compared the dose distribution measured with EBT‐XD films and calculated by the planning system for four VMAT cases. The red channel of the EBT‐XD film exhibited a wider dynamic range than the green and blue channels. Scanner orientation yielded a variation of ∼3% in the net optical density (OD). The difference between the film front and back scan orientations was negligible, with variation of ∼1.3% in the net OD. The net OD increased sharply within the first 6 hrs after irradiation and gradually afterwards. No significant difference was observed for the beam energy and dose rate, with a variation of ∼1.5% in the net OD. The gamma passing rates (at 3%, 3 mm) between the film‐ measured and treatment planning system (TPS)‐calculated dose distributions under a high dose VMAT plan in the absolute dose mode were more than 98.9%.PACS number(s): 87.56 Fc

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gafchromic EBT‐XD film: Dosimetry characterization in high‐dose, volumetric‐modulated arc therapy

Miura¹,

Ozawa

Hosono³

et al. 2016

J Applied Clin Med Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The energy dependence or independence of EBT 4 , 8 and EBT2 6 , 9 was examined in detail previously. However, there are some inconsistencies in several studies concerning the level of energy dependence of radiochromic film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are some inconsistencies in several studies concerning the level of energy dependence of radiochromic film. This was attributed to the variations of the concentrations of bromine, chlorine, and potassium in some batches of EBT and EBT2 films (6) . A variation of dose rate has been shown to significantly influence the optical density of EBT in real‐time measurements (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple parameters may influence the film response and introduce systematic dose errors. Some of these parameters and their impact on EBT2 response have been studied previously 6 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 16 . Others, such as humidity, readout temperature, and noncatalytic development, have not and are investigated for the first time for EBT2 film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reference dosimetry using radiochromic film

Girard

Bouchard

Lacroix

2012

J Applied Clin Med Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study are to identify and quantify factors that influence radiochromic film dose response and to determine whether such films are suitable for reference dosimetry. The influence of several parameters that may introduce systematic dose errors when performing reference dose measurements were investigated. The effect of the film storage temperature was determined by comparing the performance of three lots of GAFCHROMIC EBT2 films stored at either 4°C or room temperature. The effect of high (>80%) or low (<20%) relative humidity was also determined. Doses measured in optimal conditions with EBT and EBT2 films were then compared with an A12 ionization chamber measurement. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy quality controls using EBT2 films were also performed in reference dose. The results obtained using reference dose measurements were compared with those obtained using relative dose measurements. Storing the film at 4°C improves the stability of the film over time, but does not eliminate the noncatalytic film development, seen as a rise in optical density over time in the absence of radiation. Relative humidity variations ranging from 80% to 20% have a strong impact on the optical density and could introduce dose errors of up to 15% if the humidity were not controlled during the film storage period. During the scanning procedure, the film temperature influences the optical density that is measured. When controlling for these three parameters, the dose differences between EBT or EBT2 and the A12 chamber are found to be within ±4% (2σ level) over a dose range of 20–350 cGy. Our results also demonstrate the limitation of the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm for dose calculation of highly modulated treatment plans.PACS numbers: 87.55.Qr; 87.56.Fc

show abstract

“…Os impactos dosimétricos de alguns desses parâmetros foram previamente estudados [45,46,47,48,49,50,51]. O filme radiocrômico tem pouca dependência energética [45,46,47] e resposta independente da taxa de dose [51].…”

Section: Filme Radiocrômicounclassified

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um sistema de cálculo de dose independente para controle de qualidade de IMRT do tipo jaws-only

Silva¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigation of energy dependence of EBT and EBT‐2 Gafchromic film

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Gafchromic EBT‐XD film: Dosimetry characterization in high‐dose, volumetric‐modulated arc therapy

Gafchromic EBT‐XD film: Dosimetry characterization in high‐dose, volumetric‐modulated arc therapy

Reference dosimetry using radiochromic film

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um sistema de cálculo de dose independente para controle de qualidade de IMRT do tipo jaws-only

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About