Investigation of Environmental Impacts on Sandstone Blocks at Luxor Temple and Concepts for Conseration

Abstract

Sandstone blocks were used in the construction of Luxor temple. However, they, especialy cement materials, were at a great risk because of being affected by various deterioration factors. Groundwater started to rise in and around the temple, causing serious deterioration aspects of the blocks. Therefore, the current study was conducted to focus on the role of pores and cement regarding the deterioration process of sandstone blocks in the temlpe. In order to conduct systematic investigation, it adopted SEM-EDX, PLM and XRD. Also, physical and mechanical properties were examined to evaluate the components of the sandstone, under the present environmental conditions. It also interpreted the investigations of onsite evaluation tests (non-and less-destructive). It also focused on other methods, e.g. humidity and salt analysis. The study ended develops some recommendations that fit sandstone address in Luxor Temple.