Investigation of epoxy‐based wood adhesives

Mousavi, Seyyed Yahya; Huang, Jian; Li, Kaichang

doi:10.1002/app.47741

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For decades, the research in the field of wood adhesives has mainly focused on the improvement and modification of the synthesis of the traditional formaldehyde-based wood adhesives to improve the performance and reduce the release of formaldehyde. Meanwhile, developing green adhesives is in progress; − researchers have already put a lot of effort into this area, for example, polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) is a representative of the commercial isocyanate-based wood adhesive with excellent water resistance that has been successfully applied in industries. The outstanding water resistance of pMDI lies in the quite stable polyurethane and polyurea linkages formed through the reactions of the highly reactive NCO groups with hydroxy groups and water in the wood substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Highly Branched Polymer Wood Adhesive Resin

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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We propose a new idea for facile and green synthesis of urea-based highly branched polymers (HBPs) using polyamines and urea via deamination. More importantly, our strategy is to directly use the synthesized HBPs to construct plywood. The HBPs would be further condensed and solidified during the hot pressing process, resulting in the aldehyde-free wood adhesive with a high bonding performance. In this work, water-soluble HBPs were synthesized by one-pot and one-step strategy via polycondensations between urea (U) and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA), with no solvents and catalysts used, as well as purification was also avoided. Here, the TAEA was selected as a model compound of polyamine. Urea was used in this synthesis because of it is one of the cheapest chemicals. Structure characterizations show that the polymers contain both terminal amine and urea groups and their relative contents varied with respect to different monomer ratios. For the first time, the performances of the HBPs water solutions directly used as wood adhesive resins were investigated. The resins showed excellent water resistance, as the bonding strengths were still greater than 1.8 MPa after 7 h boiling water soaking, indicating that the cured resins that consist of polyurea and biuret linkages are quite stable toward hydrolysis. In a wide range of monomer ratio of 1.5−2.5, the bonding performance of the resins did not vary significantly. This study extended the potential applications of HBPs to the wood industry and provides a possible and potential solution to the formaldehyde emission problem of the wood-based products. The advantages of HBP resins over traditional wood adhesives in the synthesis and applications make large-scale application of such resins practical and attractive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Highly Branched Polymer Wood Adhesive Resin

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In general, all composite resins produced polymers with a higher molar mass, implying that they have higher mechanical properties. 22 Additionally, the 1.33 wt% doping level has a perfectly high molecular weight and a narrower polydispersity, and the higher the zero shear viscosity value, the greater the group will exhibit Newtonian mechanical behavior than the wider dispersion composite group, resulting in less shearthinning behavior during deformation, 23 which is consistent with the higher apparent viscosity of XSBL-1.33 than XSBL in Table 3, which would be very beneficial for subsequent curing as a wood adhesive. This paper shows that the AH-XSBL resin, which was synthesized, can be used as an excellent wood adhesive.…”

Section: Gpc Analysis Of Ah-xsbl Resinmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…However, when a new molecular chain is successfully connected to the main molecular chain through the grafting of vinyl groups, some monomers will increase in molecular weight, indicating that the grafting of comonomers is successful. In general, all composite resins produced polymers with a higher molar mass, implying that they have higher mechanical properties 22 . Additionally, the 1.33 wt% doping level has a perfectly high molecular weight and a narrower polydispersity, and the higher the zero shear viscosity value, the greater the group will exhibit Newtonian mechanical behavior than the wider dispersion composite group, resulting in less shear‐thinning behavior during deformation, 23 which is consistent with the higher apparent viscosity of XSBL‐1.33 than XSBL in Table 3, which would be very beneficial for subsequent curing as a wood adhesive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multi‐copolymerization retouch butadiene styrene block polymer resin for dual temperature change curing of wood‐based interface

Cong

Zhao

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carboxylated styrene‐butadiene latex (XSBL), attributed to its insufficient adhesion and poor water resistance, cannot be widely popularized in the adhesive industry. Herein, a novel XSBL‐based resin with high‐strength yet water‐resistant was reported, in which the butadiene macromolecular chains were grafted with acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid‐2 hydroxyethyl ester (HEA) molecules, the crosslinking sites were esterified and expanded to construct a branched network structure, and the matrix was filled with nano‐SiO2 particles treated by blending silane coupling agents. We show that the new resin, having a dual curing mechanism at low and high temperatures, can be glued under different conditions. At room temperature, the sample group with a doping level of 1.33 wt% could achieve an overload shear strength of 3.17 MPa after curing, which is 233.7% higher than the XSBL; in the high temperature curing regime, the glue strength reached 1.21 MPa, much higher than the standard for the use of GB Class I plywood (≥0.7 MPa). The physicochemical properties meet the requirements for potential industrialization, for which the property–structure relation has been extensively explored. Further DSC and TG tests provide evidence for their wide application in the hot pressing process of man‐made plywood.

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“…These alternatives include adhesives derived from renewable resources such as protein-based and natural polyphenol-based resins. − However, due to the problems of poor adhesion performance, higher cost, or unsuitability for large-scale production, these adhesives cannot take the place of UF resin so far. Commercial adhesives, such as epoxy and cyanate-based adhesives, exhibit good bonding performance, but due to the much higher cost, toxicity, or complicated application procedure, applications of these adhesives in wood industry are very limited. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Branched Polyurea-Enhanced Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

Jiang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Highly branched polyurea (HBPU) was synthesized through polycondensations between urea and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) with no solvents and catalysts used. Characterizations were performed by employing electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI–MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and 13C NMR analytical techniques. The GPC results showed that the HBPU polymers with molecular weights (M n) above 160,000 are formed. The 13C NMR analysis indicated that the branches of the polymers are basically urea-terminated when the U/TAEA molar ratio is controlled to be 3.0. The HBPU was then used to modify the traditional low-molar-ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin by adding HBPU at the final alkaline reaction stage during UF synthesis. ESI–MS analysis indicated that both hydroxymethylation of HBPU polymers and co-condensations between HBPU polymers and UF components occurred. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis suggested that the HBPU can accelerate cure of UF resin. In bonding performance tests, the modified resins exhibited much better water resistance than the unmodified resin. Moreover, much lower formaldehyde emission level is also an advantage of the modified resins. Based on the results of this work, it was concluded that the polymers with highly branched structure, high molecular weights, high functionality, and urea-like reactivity can be promising modifiers of UF resin.

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Investigation of epoxy‐based wood adhesives

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Novel Highly Branched Polymer Wood Adhesive Resin

Novel Highly Branched Polymer Wood Adhesive Resin

Multi‐copolymerization retouch butadiene styrene block polymer resin for dual temperature change curing of wood‐based interface

Highly Branched Polyurea-Enhanced Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

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