“…There is a rich literature on catalytic and reactive distillation and several process applications. Nevertheless, a large gap remains between academic analysis (Sundmacher et al, 1994;Thiel et al, 1997;Bessling et al, 1998;Lee and Dudukovic, 1998;Xu and Dudukovic, 1999;Venimadhavan et al, 1999;Chen et al, 2000Chen et al, , 2002Kenig et al, 2001;Stitt, 2002;Sundmacher and Kienle, 2003) of the combined reaction-distillation process and practical implementations (Smith and Arganbright, 2000;Hearn et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2003;Smith and Adams, 2006). There is resistance to replacing depreciated working equipment with new, more improved installations.…”