Investigation of factors affecting the load profile of a large-scale electric bus depot

Jahic, Amra; Eskander, Mina; Schulz, Detlef

doi:10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281994

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another category of relevant parameters is the environment, such as the ambient temperature or traffic conditions. The ambient temperature has a direct impact on the HVAC and has been shown to have one of the biggest impacts on the EC in several studies [16], [20], [22], [39], [40], [48], [49]. The traffic is correlated with the operational parameters such as the driving style, passenger load, and vehicle speed [35], [41], [50].…”

Section: Environmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption of Battery- Electric Buses: Review of Influential Parameters and Modelling Approaches

Jahic,

Eskander,

Avdevicius

et al. 2023

B&H Electrical Engineering

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The electrification of public transportation fleets worldwide can pose a challenge to multiple stakeholders, such as the fleet operator or the operator of the local electrical grid. One of the important prerequisites for the successful integration of these fleets into the existing system is the knowledge of the energy consumption of the buses during their trips. The energy consumption varies depending on multiple factors such as the vehicle or route-related parameters, operational, and environmental parameters. This paper gives an overview of the latest research regarding these influential factors. Another essential prerequisite for the implementation of intelligent management systems for electric bus fleets is the forecasting of energy consumption. Researchers take different approaches to tackle this issue. A review of the latest research considering empirical approaches, physical models, regression, and machine learning is also provided in this paper. The findings of this paper provide a quick overview of different aspects of the energy consumption of electric buses and can therefore support other researchers or decision-makers in their work.

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Section: Environmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption of Battery- Electric Buses: Review of Influential Parameters and Modelling Approaches

Jahic,

Eskander,

Avdevicius

et al. 2023

B&H Electrical Engineering

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“…Electric shuttles often experience variable loading conditions due to frequent stops, starts, and changes in passenger demand. These dynamic profiles pose unique challenges for battery systems, requiring them to provide reliable power delivery and endurance throughout various operating scenarios [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One approach involves employing a large battery capacity capable of serving throughout the day, recharged to full capacity through a night-long charging mechanism [9]. Alternatively, a smaller battery capacity can be utilized, necessitating short, intermittent charging at every depot visited [7]. Regardless of the chosen approach, the battery must provide adequate energy for operating the electrical and electronic systems until the next charging station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of High-Energy LiFePO₄ Battery Pack for Electric Shuttle

Firdaus,

Supono,

Lailiyah

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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For tourism-based electric shuttles, high-energy batteries are crucial. A 200 Ah Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery pack has been designed yet lacks performance evaluation. We conducted performance tests based on ISO 12405-4:2018. The battery comprises 24 cells connected in series, resulting in a 72 V output voltage. Under controlled conditions at 23°C, the test assessed charging and discharging at defined C-rates. The study assessed the resistance, capacity, and efficiency. We also monitored heat distribution in the battery system during test to detect abnormalities. The results revealed that the maximum attainable battery charge rate was C/3. Under this rate, the discharge capacity reached 160 Ah, and the battery temperature rose to just below 36.2°C. On the other hand, charging the battery at C/6 yielded 191.5 Ah, which increased the battery temperature to 31°C. Thus, the energy round-trip efficiency was measured at 86.5%. However, charging the battery at C/3 led to the Battery Management System (BMS) overheating, indicated by the casing temperature exceeding 67 °C. The overheating caused severe damage to the BMS charging component and triggered an automatic cut-off. The higher total battery resistance during charging was identified as the root cause of the issue, emphasizing the need for future research to focus on enhancing the BMS for faster and more efficient charging, improving the service reliability of the electric shuttle.

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Analysis of the Need to Implement Automated Systems for Managing Electric Vehicle Depots

Cenusa

Milici

Grosu

2023

2023 13th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)

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Investigation of factors affecting the load profile of a large-scale electric bus depot

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Energy Consumption of Battery- Electric Buses: Review of Influential Parameters and Modelling Approaches

Energy Consumption of Battery- Electric Buses: Review of Influential Parameters and Modelling Approaches

Performance Evaluation of High-Energy LiFePO₄ Battery Pack for Electric Shuttle

Analysis of the Need to Implement Automated Systems for Managing Electric Vehicle Depots

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Investigation of factors affecting the load profile of a large-scale electric bus depot

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Energy Consumption of Battery- Electric Buses: Review of Influential Parameters and Modelling Approaches

Energy Consumption of Battery- Electric Buses: Review of Influential Parameters and Modelling Approaches

Performance Evaluation of High-Energy LiFePO4 Battery Pack for Electric Shuttle

Analysis of the Need to Implement Automated Systems for Managing Electric Vehicle Depots

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Performance Evaluation of High-Energy LiFePO₄ Battery Pack for Electric Shuttle