Investigation of failure mechanisms of nacre at macro and nano scales

Liu, Jingyu; Xu, Yanan; Yang, Hong; Liu, Yinong; Yarlagadda, Prasad K.D.V.; Yan, Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104018

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One representative biological structure for the coexistence of strongness and toughness is nacre, which has attracted increasing research interest for its high strength, notable toughness, and beautiful light reflectance. [13,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Nacre is the shell of the "mother of pearl" constructed from a layered brick-and-mortar structure and a similar structure has been identified within the shells of various types of shellfish and mollusks in either fresh water or salt water. Some very pioneer studies have revealed that the tensile strength and modulus of nacre along the lamellar direction are 80-130 MPa and 60-70 GPa, respectively.…”

Section: Tough and Strong Natural Nacre Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a very recent work reported by Liu et al, the interface strength and the fracture mechanism of the "brick-mortar" structure in an abalone shell (Figure 2C), a typical nacre structure, have been investigated by using microsized cantilever beam and bend samples. [26] The microsized samples with a length of %5 μm and thickness of %500 nm were cut by a focused ion beam (FIB) system and then tested under a nanoindentation tester. Compared with the interfacial strength of 41.5 MPa tested on bulk nacre, a high aragonite/ biopolymer interfacial strength of %298 MPa was observed together with high toughness.…”

Section: Tough and Strong Natural Nacre Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinspired Robust Mechanical Properties for Advanced Materials

et al. 2022

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Section: Tough and Strong Natural Nacre Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tough and Strong Natural Nacre Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Robust Mechanical Properties for Advanced Materials

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, Γ i and Γ arag for nacreous structure have been estimated to be 8.3−11.1 N/m and 110 N/m from the previous research, respectively. 52 Hence, the ratio of the fracture toughness of interfaces to platelets is 0.075−0.1, lower than 0.25 (G i /G arag ). Clearly, the results could meet the theoretical criterion in eq 5, suggesting that a crack will tend to deflect at the interfaces in the nacreous structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In our case, the interfacial angle is 90°, and G i / G arag can be thereby calculated as 0.25 according to eq . Furthermore, Γ i and Γ arag for nacreous structure have been estimated to be 8.3–11.1 N/m and 110 N/m from the previous research, respectively . Hence, the ratio of the fracture toughness of interfaces to platelets is 0.075–0.1, lower than 0.25 ( G i / G arag ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

An Ingenious Microstructure Arrangement in Deep-Sea Nautilus Shell against the Harsh Environment

Liang

et al. 2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Mollusk shells generally consist of several macrolayers with different microstructures. To explore the specific role that different macro-layers play in the overall mechanical properties of shells, the microstructures, hardness distribution, and three-point bending behavior in the deep-sea Nautilus shell were investigated. It is found that the shell presents a hierarchical structure comprising three layers in thickness, that is, the outer, middle, and inner layers, which exhibit homogeneous, prismatic, and nacreous structures, respectively. Among them, the homogeneous structure in the outer layer is harder, which is beneficial for the shell to enhance resistance to wear and perforation. Furthermore, both the bending strength and fracture energy for group Up (loading from outer to inner surfaces) are far higher than those for group Down (loading from inner to outer surfaces), indicating that the inner nacreous layer is not only stronger but also tougher. Cracks tend to deflect at the interfaces in nacreous structure, and nacreous structure is thereby more resistant to breakage. Hence, the nacreous structure in the inner layer could protect the shell from breaking catastrophically in the deep sea with high pressure. In brief, the combination of a harder outside layer and a tougher inside layer provides an effective protective structure for the deep-sea shell, and the excellent environment adaptability of Nautilus shell can thus be interpreted in terms of its ingenious microstructure arrangement.

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“…Apart from fused quartz and alumina, FIB milled notched microcantilevers, have been used to study other artificial materials like ceramic and semi-brittle metals [125]- [127], [129]. However, only a few studies have applied notched microcantilevers to study the fracture mechanics of biological materials [112], [116]. Based on the literature reviewed in this chapter, the present work endeavors to answer the thesis: Chevron-notched microcantilevers are a better alternative to measure the fracture toughness of hard mineralized tissues than nanoindentation.…”

Section: Micro-fracture Toughness Of the Stomatopod Dactyl Clubmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and fracture mechanics of tough apatite structures in the stomatopod hammer

Chua¹

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The stomatopod dactyl club is one of many materials showing Nature's prowess and ingenuity in creating materials with superior properties using intrinsically weak building blocks. Moreover, they are synthesized under mild environmental conditions compared to the energy-intensive conditions required for many manmade materials.Previous research has shown that the club is a multi-layered structure consisting of a hard and highly mineralized outer region consisting of Fluorapatite (FAP) and a softer inner region made primarily of chitin and CaCO3. The hard-outer region can be further divided into the impact surface which starts at the surface and is followed by the impact region. Recent studies focused on understanding and imitating the toughening mechanisms in the club, while little emphasis has been placed on the growth and development of the club. Only a single study has been conducted to date, which found that that the club develops from the surface in by a "diecast" method and identified a major protein regulating the biomineralization of apatite. In this thesis, the spatial temporal composition and apatite crystallography are explored in greater detail using primarily synchrotron X-rays. Apatite was found in the club as early as 2 hours after molting. The crystals have different textures in the impact surface and impact region of the club. Results also suggest that the apatite crystals undergo compositional changes throughout its development.To date, most studies of the mechanical properties of the stomatopod dactyl club were conducted using nanoindentation because the size of the club precludes other commonly used methods. However, properties like fracture toughness are only semiquantitatively determined using contact mechanics. The reliability of indentation fracture measurements, in particular, is a subject of much debate among the scientific community. Hence, in this project chevron-notched micro-cantilevers were prepared and tested to determine fracture toughness values using linear elastic and elastic plastic fracture mechanics. The fracture behavior in the impact region of the dactyl club was shown to be dominated by plastic dissipation. Using the microcantilevers, fracture toughness in the impact region was also shown to be isotropic and not dependent on the direction of measurement. XRD X-ray Diffraction XRF X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Y Fracture toughness geometric factor circularly polarized light [6]. Their highly developed visual apparatus was suggested to be used for intra-species communication [7]. They then unleash their deadly pair of clubs at supersonic speeds on their hapless prey. A single blow releases around 1500 N of force which is about 2600 times their body weight [8]. The club reaches speeds greater than 20 m/s 2 upon contact; fast enough to create air cavities around the club [9]. Pistol shrimps, another marine creature, makes use of air cavitation to stun their prey apatite deposition on the chitin matrix [15]. The study also looked at the chemical composition at various stages o...

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Investigation of failure mechanisms of nacre at macro and nano scales

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Bioinspired Robust Mechanical Properties for Advanced Materials

Bioinspired Robust Mechanical Properties for Advanced Materials

An Ingenious Microstructure Arrangement in Deep-Sea Nautilus Shell against the Harsh Environment

Formation and fracture mechanics of tough apatite structures in the stomatopod hammer

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