Investigation of Ferri-alginate (Fe-Alg) as Environmentally Friendly Catalyst on the Formation of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone

Mahreni,; Nur, Muhamad Maulana Azimatun

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/742/1/012010

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[26] The low price, good affordability and high Lewis acidity of Fe(III) salt make it a counter ion in heteropoly acid salt, which is widely used in this catalytic reaction. [27] Silva D. et al [28] also revealed the positive effect of homogeneous Fe(III) catalyst on the reaction. Overall, the unprecedented high activity, low load (up to 10 ppm), good ecotoxicological characteristics, and high activities of iron salt are expected to become convincing catalysts for the sustainable transformation of renewable byproducts in nontoxic solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl₃ /γ‐Al₂O₃**

et al. 2023

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The porous spherical alumina (γ‐Al2O3) as catalyst support was prepared by sol‐gel method, and FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were prepared by impregnation method. The FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were used as catalyst in the Solketal production process by acetalization of acetone and glycerol, showing considerable catalytic performance. When the molar ratio of glycerol and acetone was 1 : 10, 0.2 mol% FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 25 °C for 30 min, the conversion of glycerol was 99.89 %, the selectivity of Solketal was 98.36 %, and the yield of Solketal reached 98.25 %. The mechanism is due to the spherical γ‐Al2O3 support has high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and rich pore structure, encouraging abundant active sites and high catalytic activity of FeCl3 for the acetalization reaction. Thereafter, the experimental results prove that the prepared FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused many times, indicating its great value for large‐scale research and application in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl₃ /γ‐Al₂O₃**

et al. 2023

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“…S. Zaher et al reported a new type of iron alginate as a cheap and environmentally friendly catalyst for the production of ketone from glycerol and acetone [33]. The low price, good affordability and high Lewis acidity of iron (III) salt make it a counter ion in heteropoly acid salt, which is widely used in this catalytic reaction [34][35][36]. Silva D. et al [37] also revealed the positive effect of homogeneous Fe(III) catalyst on the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Solketal from glycerol catalyzed by spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 supported FeCl 3

Zhang

Shan

Xin

et al. 2022

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The porous spherical alumina (γ-Al2O3) as catalyst support was prepared by sol-gel method, and FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 materials were prepared by impregnation method. The FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 materials were used as catalyst in the Solketal production process by acetalization of acetone and glycerol, showing considerable catalytic performance. When the molar ratio of glycerol and acetone was 1:10, 0.2 mol% FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 25°C for 30 min, the conversion of glycerol was 99.89%, the selectivity of Solketal was 98.36%, and the yield of Solketal reached 98.25%. The mechanism is due to the spherical γ-Al2O3 support has high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and rich pore structure, encouraging abundant active sites and high catalytic activity of FeCl3 for the acetalization reaction. Thereafter, the experimental results prove that the prepared FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused many times, indicating its great value for large-scale research and application in the future.

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Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions

Perez,

Gatti,

Santori

et al. 2023

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Biomass allows us to obtain energy and high-value-added compounds through the use of different physical and chemical processes. The glycerol obtained as a by-product in the synthesis of biodiesel is considered a biomass compound that has the potential to be used as a raw material to obtain different chemical products for industry. The development and growth of the biodiesel industry allows for the projection of glycerol biorefineries around these plants that efficiently and sustainably integrate the biodiesel production process together with the glycerol transformation processes. This work presents a review of the ketalization and esterification of glycerol to obtain solketal and acetylglycerols, which are considered products of high added value for the chemical and fuel industry. First, the general aspects and mechanisms of both reactions are presented, as well as the related chemical equilibrium concepts. Subsequently, the catalysts employed are described, classifying them according to their catalytic nature (zeolites, carbons, exchange resins, etc.). The reaction conditions used are also described, and the best results for each catalytic system are presented. In addition, stability studies and the main deactivation mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the work presents the kinetic models that have been formulated to date for some of these systems. It is expected that this review work will serve as a tool for the advancement of studies on the ketalization and esterification reactions that allow for the projection of biorefineries based on glycerol as a raw material.

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Investigation of Ferri-alginate (Fe-Alg) as Environmentally Friendly Catalyst on the Formation of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl₃ /γ‐Al₂O₃**

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl₃ /γ‐Al₂O₃**

Synthesis of Solketal from glycerol catalyzed by spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 supported FeCl 3

Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions

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Investigation of Ferri-alginate (Fe-Alg) as Environmentally Friendly Catalyst on the Formation of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl3 /γ‐Al2O3**

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl3 /γ‐Al2O3**

Synthesis of Solketal from glycerol catalyzed by spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 supported FeCl 3

Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions

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Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl₃ /γ‐Al₂O₃**

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl₃ /γ‐Al₂O₃**