Investigation of halloysite nanotube content on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of chitosan-bioglass-hydroxyapatite-halloysite nanotube nanocomposites films in surface engineering

Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V with Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) for Dental Root Application

“…Meanwhile, the low voltage will migrate and deposits particles properly in the substrate surface. However, the too low voltage cannot migrate larger particles due to insufficient energy [14]. In this work, applied voltage at 5V, particles migrate in suspension and deposit on the surface resulting even and proper thick coating as seen in Figs.…”

“…Molaei et al [14] suggest the low voltage and long deposition time as desirable parameters for uniform coatings. In contrast, Yildirim et al [30] acquire the high voltage and short deposition time as a preferable condition for hydroxyapatite coating.…”

“…pH value has associated with zeta potential which indicates suspension stability [17]. Zeta potential will make a movement of charged particles in suspension towards the opposite of charged electrode [14]. Stable suspension of ethanol for HA coating is approximately pH value 2 (pH < 4) or around 5 pH, because it has high zeta potential [12], [14], [19].…”

“…These techniques can be applied for complex and variance material such as composites, ceramics, and organic materials; recruits simplicity instrument with low cost; and produces controlled homogeneous coating thickness and cristanility [10], [12]- [13]. Moreover, this method can be done in short time and implemented for materials that used in biomedical application [14]- [16]. The procedure has not effected for composition and characteristic of hydroxyapatite coatings and substrate materials [13], [14], [17].…”

“…Moreover, this method can be done in short time and implemented for materials that used in biomedical application [14]- [16]. The procedure has not effected for composition and characteristic of hydroxyapatite coatings and substrate materials [13], [14], [17]. However, heat treatment or sintering is needed to improve density and adhesion of coating [18] in considerate thermal expansion coefficient of coating and substrate.…”