Investigation of heat generation during submerged friction stir welding on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Rathinasuriyan, C.; Muniamuthu, Sumathy; Mystica, A.; Kumar, V.S. Senthil

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.310

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because it is practically incredible and time-consuming to create complicated components as separate parts, the effect of welding technology has expanded dramatically everywhere in current years. 26 It is commonly employed in the last stages of casting production and in the fabrication of connecting components. 27 There are three forms of welding: fusion welding, non-fusion welding, and resistance welding.…”

Section: Welding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding-based additive manufacturing processes for fabrication of metallic parts

Rathinasuriyan,

Elumalai,

Bharani Chandar

et al. 2023

Composites and Advanced Materials

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is modernizing the manufacturing industry by enabling the layer-by-layer deposition process to manufacture objects in nearly any form with minimum material waste. However, components developed utilizing the AM process have dimensional constraints. To address this issue, AM-produced metal materials can be coupled with various welding processes. This article focuses on the foundations, highlighting the distinguishing features, capabilities, and challenges of welding-based AM processes by categorizing them into two major groups; arc welding-based AM like Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW), and high-energy density welding based AM like Laser Beam Welding (LBW) and Electron Beam Welding (EBW). The prior study findings of welding-based AM metal components on mechanical characteristics and microstructural characterization have been addressed. This work will aid researchers, academicians, and professional welders since it gathers vital information on welding-based AM processes. Furthermore, current research in the arena of welding-based AM and its future opportunities has been discussed.

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Section: Welding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding-based additive manufacturing processes for fabrication of metallic parts

Rathinasuriyan,

Elumalai,

Bharani Chandar

et al. 2023

Composites and Advanced Materials

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“…In summary, in the UWFSW technique, water surrounding the mixing zone provides a number of advantages, among them: it reduces the amount of heat, increases the rate of cooling of the material, which helps in the formation of fine microstructures in the welding zone, and improves mechanical properties [20]. Currently, the UWFSW technique is becoming an increasingly promising direction of development in the field of friction joining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of the AlCu4Mg1 Alloy Joint Manufactured by Underwater Friction Stir Welding

Szachogłuchowicz,

Śnieżek,

Wójcik

2024

Materials

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The manuscript presents the results of butt joining of 3-millimeter-thick AlCu4Mg1 alloy sheets using the FSW (friction stir welding) and UWFSW (underwater friction stir welding) methods. The aim of the research is to verify the influence of the water environment on the FSW friction welding process. The article checked three sets of joint parameters. The parameters differed in tool rotation speed and feed rate. The same sets of parameters were used for the FSW and UWFSW fusion techniques. With the supplied devices, metallographic sections are cross-sectioned, and the power supplies are subjected to a light microscope. Microhardness tests and the influence of the heat-affected zone were carried out. A monotonic test was performed. A monotonic test is available, extended with a visual correlation test. The obtained cracked fracture surfaces were examined using a scanning microscope. An analysis of the microfractographic cracking process was carried out. The obtained results did not show any improvement in the strength properties of the obtained joints made using the UWFSW technique when using a scanning microscope.

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“…Warpage was observed after the welding in both FSW and SFSW because of the 1 mm thickness of the used sheet material. Higher torque and, hence, higher power consumption are the major limitations of the SFSW process [47]. Titanium and its alloys are difcult to plasticize suffciently during FSW, and the nonuniform distribution of heat in the weld zone due to the poor thermal conductivity imposes a challenge [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pure Titanium Welded Joints Produced by Underwater Friction Stir Welding

Meikeerthy

Ethiraj

Neme

et al. 2023

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) is an advancement of conventional friction stir welding, which is performed in air. The need for welding underwater calls for more information to be explored in the welding of different materials. The aim of this research is to investigate the UWFSW of 2 mm titanium sheet joints for their tensile and microstructural properties and compare them with the results of friction stir welding (FSW) performed in air. Also, nondestructive tests, such as radiography and dye penetrant tests, were carried out to identify the occurrence of any weld defects. The rotational speed of the FSW tool and its travelling speed were considered process parameters, while other parameters like the tilt angle of the tool, shape of the tool pin, etc. were kept constant. The results show that the welded joints with higher strengths were achieved at a lower travelling speed of 140 mm/min at a rotational speed of 400 and 500 rpm in FSW and UWFSW, respectively. The mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness are improved in UWFSW when compared with conventional FSW due to the proper mixing of the metal and effective cooling due to the water environment. In underwater FSW, the improved YS and TS values are observed, which are 95.9% and 75.1% of the base metal values, respectively, when the tool rotational speed is 400 rpm and the travelling speed is 140 mm/min. However, the elongation % is much lower in both FSW and UWFSW when compared with the base metal. These results are supported by microstructure and nondestructive test outcomes.

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Investigation of heat generation during submerged friction stir welding on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Welding-based additive manufacturing processes for fabrication of metallic parts

Welding-based additive manufacturing processes for fabrication of metallic parts

Mechanical Properties of the AlCu4Mg1 Alloy Joint Manufactured by Underwater Friction Stir Welding

Evaluation of Pure Titanium Welded Joints Produced by Underwater Friction Stir Welding

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