Investigation of hydrogen isotope permeation through F82H steel with and without a ceramic coating of Cr2O3–SiO2 including CrPO4 (out-of-pile tests)

Preparation of Mg and Al phosphate coatings on ferritic steel by wet-chemical method as tritium permeation barrier

“…In addition, the permeation rates observed at other temperatures for phosphate coated specimens were clearly smaller than those for the specimens with ZrO 2 (ED)/ZrO 2 (SG) and Al 2 O 3 (ED)/ZrO 2 (SG) coatings. The above-mentioned values of PRF were comparable with or larger than the values reported by Kulsartov et al [7] and Nakamichi et al [8] for F82H specimens with Cr 2 O 3 -SiO 2 + CrPO 4 coating; 400 and 292 at 600 • C and smaller at lower temperatures. The thickness of their coating was 50-80 m, while that of present coating was just 200 nm.…”

“…Several researchers have examined barrier effects of coatings prepared by wet-chemical methods [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Terai et al [4] and Nakamichi et al [5,6] have prepared chemically densified Cr 2 O 3 -SiO 2 coatings on type 316 stainless steel (SS316) and measured permeation rate of tritium [4] or deuterium [5,6].…”

“…Kulsartov et al. [7] and Nakamichi et al [8] have studied the effects of similar coating (Cr 2 O 3 -SiO 2 + CrPO 4 ) prepared on low-activation ferritic steel F82H. Although low-activation ferritic steels are primary candidates of structural materials of fusion blankets [13], the barrier effects obtained for F82H was smaller than that for SS316.…”

“…Although low-activation ferritic steels are primary candidates of structural materials of fusion blankets [13], the barrier effects obtained for F82H was smaller than that for SS316. The permeation reduction factor (PRF) for F82H was 400 [7] and 292 (in-pile test) [8] at 600 • C and much smaller at lower temperatures. Chikada et al [10] and Yao et al [11] have used a sol-gel method (spin coating) to prepare Er 2 O 3 films on SS316, but they have not applied this technique to ferritic steels.…”

Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors

“…Figure 13. Solubility of hydrogen in RAFM steels from gas permeation studies that confirmed diffusion-limited transport [7,19,105,106,108,226,227]. The bold line represents an approximate relationship estimated from the plotted data.…”