Investigation of Neospora caninum seroprevalence and potential impact on reproductive success in semi‐free‐ranging Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus)

Bapodra, Priya; Wolfe, Barbara A.

doi:10.1136/vetreco-2015-000123

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We were unable to test associations for Père David’s deer; however, a previous retrospective study on N . caninum seroprevalence in the Père David’s deer herd found no correlation between calving rates and seropositivity [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host species heterogeneity in the epidemiology of Nesopora caninum

et al. 2017

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Pathogen transmission across species drives disease emergence; however, mechanisms by which multi-host pathogens cross species boundaries are not well identified. This knowledge gap prevents integrated and targeted control in an epidemiologically continuous ecosystem. Our goal is to describe the impact of host species heterogeneity on the epidemiology of Neospora caninum circulating between livestock and wildlife in southeastern Ohio. We collected biological samples from Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) located at an outdoor wildlife conservation center; from cattle raised at farms adjacent to the center; and from wild white-tailed deer that roamed across farm and center boundaries. We designed nested infectious disease models of competing hypotheses about transmission and used collected data to fit the models, thereby estimating important immunological and transmission quantities which describe the species-specific contribution to the persistence of this pathogen in the community. We applied these data and models to suggest appropriate species-specific disease control methods. Results show that immunity in cattle and Pére David’s deer wanes over time, while in white-tailed deer immunity appears to be lifelong. Transmission quantities for cattle were estimated at values below the threshold for an outbreak (Rt < 1), meaning that chains of transmission are not maintained within this population and infections must occur due to reintroduction from an outside source. Pére David’s deer and white-tailed deer both could maintain continuous chains of transmission within their group (Rt > 1). Therefore, we propose that control of contact with outside sources will be useful for disease control in cattle; boosting immunity with vaccines might be an avenue to prevent infection in cattle and Père David’s deer. White-tailed deer are a potential maintenance host for infection and require further study to determine optimal control methods. Community-level investigations like this allow us to better evaluate heterogeneities in transmission processes that ultimately guide targeted control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, seroprevalence studies in cattle, buffalo and Père David’s’ deer have suggested both age-specific and constant N . caninum prevalence with age [ 43 , 45 – 48 ]. In our study none of the three ruminant populations showed age-structured FoI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host species heterogeneity in the epidemiology of Nesopora caninum

et al. 2017

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The global seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in deer: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Jokar

Shams

Rahmanian

et al. 2022

Small Ruminant Research

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Risk of environmental exposure to small coccidia from wild canid feces in rural Ohio

Moreno-Torres¹,

Sinnott²,

Wolfe³

et al. 2018

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of environmental exposure to heteroxenous coccidia from wild canid feces in southeastern Ohio. SAMPLE 285 presumed wild canid fecal samples collected across an ecological system in southeastern Ohio. PROCEDURES Morphological classification and molecular analysis were used to determine the canid genus for collected fecal samples. Microscopic and molecular analysis were used to detect coccidian oocysts and DNA. Several variables were analyzed for associations with coccidian DNA detection or prevalence. RESULTS Coccidian DNA was detected in 51 of 285 (17.9%) fecal samples. Of those positive samples, 1% (95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 3%) had positive results for Hammondia heydorni and none had positive results for Neospora caninum, for an estimated environmental N caninum prevalence of 0% (95% confidence interval, 0% to 7%)/1-km2 hexagonal area evaluated. Morphological classification revealed that 78.9% (225/285) of fecal samples were from coyotes and 17.2% (49/285) were from foxes. No difference in proportions of coccidian DNA-positive fecal samples was identified among canid species. Environmental temperature and fecal freshness were associated with coccidian DNA detection. Land use type, relative canid density, and cattle density were not associated with the prevalence of coccidian DNA-positive samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The low prevalence of coccidia shed in wild canid feces in this study, including the estimated 0% environmental prevalence of N caninum, suggested that the role of the oocyst environmental phase in coccidia transmission to ruminants is likely minor in rural southeastern Ohio.

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Investigation of Neospora caninum seroprevalence and potential impact on reproductive success in semi‐free‐ranging Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Host species heterogeneity in the epidemiology of Nesopora caninum

Host species heterogeneity in the epidemiology of Nesopora caninum

The global seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in deer: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Risk of environmental exposure to small coccidia from wild canid feces in rural Ohio

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