Investigation of impurity driven corrosion behavior in molten 2LiF-BeF2 salt

Doniger, William; Falconer, Cody; Elbakhshwan, Mohamed; Britsch, Karl; Couet, Adrien; Sridharan, Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108823

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The 1960's molten salt reactor experiment (MSRE) used Ni-based Hastelloy N (Ni-7Cr-16Mo) as a structural alloy [2] but current developers favor 316H because of its ready availability and ASME code qualification. Numerous studies have been conducted of steel compatibility in FLiBe with general agreement that Cr is selectively removed during FLiBe exposure [3][4][5][6][7]. The current 1000 h capsule experiments were mainly conducted as a safety test prior to a flowing salt thermal convection loop (TCL) experiment [8][9][10] to determine if the salt showed good compatibility, which suggests that it has reasonable purity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

Pint¹,

Parker²,

Sulejmanovic³

et al. 2021

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This milestone was originally envisioned for completion in FY20 and was delayed due to the COVID-19 response and lack of FLiBe salt. In March 2021, FLiBe salt was received from Kairos Power. The nine capsule experiments with type 316H stainless steel specimens and 316 capsules were completed at 550° and 650°C for 1000 h to bracket the conditions expected in the subsequent thermal convection loop (TCL) experiment. In three capsules, Be metal was added for redox control. The specimen mass losses were low, similar to those observed previously for FLiNaK salt and the addition of Be reduced the average mass loss. Initial characterization suggested that some reaction with Be may have occurred. Therefore, Be was not included in the TCL experiment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

Pint¹,

Parker²,

Sulejmanovic³

et al. 2021

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“…The 1960's molten salt reactor experiment (MSRE) used Ni-based Hastelloy N (Ni-7Cr-16Mo) as a structural alloy [2] but current developers favor 316H because of its ready availability and ASME code qualification. Numerous studies have been conducted on steel compatibility in FLiBe with general agreement that Cr is selectively removed during FLiBe exposure [3][4][5][6][7]. The removal of Cr from the alloy is especially pronounced when the fluorine potential of the salt is high due to the presence of impurities such as free fluoride ions, water, oxides and hydroxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purity of the salt is reliant on purification methods which typically use the hydrofluorination process [8][9][10] developed during the 1950's and 1960's. Moving beyond static, isothermal compatibility experiments [5][6][7][11][12][13], flowing salt experiments in a thermal gradient are needed to study mass transfer, which is the major concern with potentially corrosive working fluids [13][14][15]. Historically, thermal convection loops (TCLs) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] have been used as an initial assessment of compatibility before investing in a forced convection loop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of 316H Stainless Steel in Flowing FLiBe (LiF-BeF<sub>2</sub>)

Pint

Sulejmanovic

Parker

et al. 2022

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This milestone was originally envisioned for completion in FY21 and was delayed due to the COVID-19 response and difficulties in fabricating/obtaining fluoride salts. A monometallic type 316H stainless steel thermal convection loop (TCL) was operated for 1000 h with flowing LiF-BeF2 (i.e. FLiBe) salt and a peak temperature of 650°C. In general, the attack was minimal. However, classic mass transfer was not clearly observed with mass losses in both the hot and cold legs. There was an issue with cleaning the loop with water and specimens may have oxidized, which was not an issue with the previous FLiNaK TCL.

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“…Although the experimental efforts have been accumulating ,− in parallel with simulation, ,− the lack of fundamental understanding at the atomistic level has been an issue in the required application of FLiBe for the MSR. Recently available specialized facilities and instrumentation have enhanced the state-of-the-art experimental research on molten salts. ,− However, an understanding of the connectivity between atomistic properties with experimental characterization results is crucially important especially given that FLiBe is toxic and corrosive at high temperatures which precludes cost-effective experimental research over a wide range of temperatures .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Properties of Molten Li₂BeF₄ Salt Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics

et al. 2021

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Molten lithium tetrafluoroberyllate (Li 2 BeF 4 ) salt, also known as FLiBe, with a 2:1 mixture of LiF and BeF 2 is being proposed as a coolant and solvent in advanced nuclear reactor designs, such as the molten salt reactor or the fluoride salt cooled high-temperature reactor. We present the results on the structure and properties of FLiBe over a wide range of temperatures, 0−2000 K, from high-throughput ab initio molecular dynamics simulation using a supercell model of 504 atoms. The variations in the local structures of solid and liquid FLiBe with temperature are discussed in terms of a pair distribution function, coordination number, and bond angle distribution. The temperature-dependent electronic structure and optical and mechanical properties of FLiBe are calculated. The optical and mechanical property results are reported for the first time. The results above and below the melting temperature (∼732 K) are compared with the experimental data and with data for crystalline FLiBe. The electronic structure and interatomic bonding results are discussed in correlation with the mechanical strength. A novel concept of total bond order density (TBOD), an important quantum mechanical parameter, is used to characterize the internal cohesion and strength in the simulated models. The results show a variation in the rate of change in properties in solid and liquid phases with anomalous behavior across the melting region. The observed trend is the decrease in mechanical strength, band gap, and TBOD in a nonlinear fashion as a function of temperature. The refractive index shows a surprising minimum at 850 K, among the tested temperatures, which lies above the melting point. These findings provide a new platform to understand the interplay between the temperature-dependent structures and properties of FLiBe salt.

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Investigation of impurity driven corrosion behavior in molten 2LiF-BeF2 salt

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

Corrosion of 316H Stainless Steel in Flowing FLiBe (LiF-BeF<sub>2</sub>)

Temperature-Dependent Properties of Molten Li₂BeF₄ Salt Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics

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Investigation of impurity driven corrosion behavior in molten 2LiF-BeF2 salt

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

Corrosion of 316H Stainless Steel in Flowing FLiBe (LiF-BeF<sub>2</sub>)

Temperature-Dependent Properties of Molten Li2BeF4 Salt Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics

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Temperature-Dependent Properties of Molten Li₂BeF₄ Salt Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics