Investigation of Interface Properties by Nanoscale Elastic Modulus Mapping

Shilo, Doron; Drezner, Haika; Dorogoy, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.035505

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is in reasonable agreement with the average measured value, E a = 147 ± 15 GPa, when taking into account that the absolute accuracy of the modulus mapping technique, i.e., the difference between the measured and actual values, is typically 10%-30%. [36][37][38] The relative accuracy of the modulus mapping technique, i.e., the relative difference in the modulus values of different materials measured within the same scan, is about 5%. [ 36 ] For this reason, Figure 7 compares the experimental and simulated modulus distributions, both normalized by the respective maximum value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current paper, we fi ll this knowledge gap by applying a newly developed experimental technique, which provides non-destructive mapping of elastic modules on a nanometerscale [36][37][38] by means of a hybrid nanoindentation instrument equipped with a piezo-scanner and a force modulation system. [ 39 ] This method (see Experimental Section) enables us to avoid plastic deformation in the near-surface layers by restricting the tip penetration depth by about 1 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the method allows measurement of the mechanical characteristics in the vicinity of individual interfaces, with spatial resolution down to 5-10 nm. [ 37 ] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanometer‐Scale Mapping of Elastic Modules in Biogenic Composites: The Nacre of Mollusk Shells

Moshe-Drezner

Shilo

Dorogoy

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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In this study, a newly developed nanoscale modulus mapping is applied in order to visualize the 2D‐distribution of mechanical characteristics in the aragonitic nacre layer of Perna canaliculus (green mussel) shells. Modulus maps provide lateral resolution of about 10 nm. They allow the aragonitic mineral (CaCO3) tablets and the interfaces between them to be clearly resolved, which are filled by an organic substance (mainly beta‐chitin). The experimental data are compared with finite element simulations that also take into account the tip radius of curvature and the thickness of organic layers, as measured by means of scanning electron microscopy with back‐scattered electrons. Based on this comparison, the Young modulus of beta‐chitin is extracted. The obtained number, Eβ = 40 GPa, is higher than previously evaluated. The collected maps reveal that the elastic modules in the nacre layer change gradually across the ceramic/organic interfaces within a spatial range four times wider than the thickness of the organic layers. This is possibly due to inhomogeneous distribution of organic macromolecules within ceramic tablets. According to the data, the concentration of macromolecules gradually increases when approaching the organic/ceramic interfaces. A behavior of this type is unique to biogenic materials and distinguishes them from synthetic composite materials. Finally, three possible mechanisms that attempt to explain why gradual changes of elastic modules significantly enhance the overall resistance to fracture of the nacre layer are briefly discussed. The experimental findings support the idea that individual ceramic tablets, comprising the nacre, are built of the compositionally and functionally graded ceramic material. This sheds additional light on the origin of the superior mechanical properties of biogenic composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanometer‐Scale Mapping of Elastic Modules in Biogenic Composites: The Nacre of Mollusk Shells

Moshe-Drezner

Shilo

Dorogoy

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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“…At temperatures near the transition points, the damping increases, which is the common behavior for nucleating microstructures. 25 With decreasing temperature, the damping increases in the single crystal. This effect has been observed before in other materials and is attributed to freezing of the twin wall movements (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic excitations in BaTiO3single crystals and ceramics: Mobile domain boundaries and polar nanoregions observed by resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy

et al. 2013

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The dynamic properties of elastic domain walls in BaTiO 3 were investigated using resonance ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS). The sequence of phase transitions is characterized by minima in the temperature dependence of RUS resonance frequencies and changes in Q factors (resonance damping). Damping is related to the friction of mobile twin boundaries (90• ferroelectric walls) and distorted polar nanoregions (PNRs) in the cubic phase. Damping is largest in the tetragonal phase of ceramic materials but very low in single crystals. Damping is also small in the low-temperature phases of the ceramic sample and slightly increases with decreasing temperature in the single crystal. The phase angle between the real and imaginary part of the dynamic response function changes drastically in the cubic and tetragonal phases and remains constant in the orthorhombic phase. Other phases show a moderate dependence of the phase angle on temperature showing systematic changes of twin microstructures. Mobile twin boundaries (or sections of twin boundaries such as kinks inside twin walls) contribute strongly to the energy dissipation of the forced oscillation while the reduction in effective modulus due to relaxing twin domains is weak. Single crystals and ceramics show strong precursor softening in the cubic phase related to polar nanoregions (PNRs). The effective modulus decreases when the transition point of the cubic-tetragonal transformation is approached from above. The precursor softening follows temperature dependence very similar to recent results from Brillouin scattering. Between the Burns temperature (≈586 K) and T c at 405 K, we found a good fit of the squared RUS frequency [∼ (C 11 − C 12 )] to a Vogel-Fulcher process with an activation energy of ∼0.2 eV. Finally, some first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian computations were carried out in BaTiO 3 single domains to explain some of these observations in terms of the dynamics of the soft mode and central mode.

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“…4͒ by lowering their band gaps, expediting polarization fatigue, 5 and in affecting the overall elastic modulus of bulk films. 6 Kinetically, thermodynamic stability of MF single-phase domains and macroscopic polarization switching mechanism can also be dramatically influenced by DW and its motion. This is because DWs and their intersections always act as strong sites for domain nucleation 7 and a dominant source for back-switching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic mechanism on distinct transition modes of tip-activated multipolorizaion switching in epitaxial BiFeO3 films

Shi

Soh

Weng

2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Based on the extended Kittel’s law, an anisotropic mechanism has been developed to investigate the complex multipolarization switching in (001) and (110) epitaxial BiFeO3 films, under a biased-tip field. Switching inhomogeneity and domain wall width evolution have been specifically accounted for. It has been found that distinct switching modes, i.e., the breakdown mode of 71°-switched domain and the activation mode of 180°/109° switching, exist and dominate the switching orders within switching process. Our predicted switching orders show excellent agreements with the existing experimental data and phase-field results. A two-step procedure is also proposed to fabricate single-phase 71° ferroelastic domain array of controllable density using (001) BiFeO3 films, which is favored in practice to significantly enhance the magnetoelectric coupling and photovoltage.

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Investigation of Interface Properties by Nanoscale Elastic Modulus Mapping

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Nanometer‐Scale Mapping of Elastic Modules in Biogenic Composites: The Nacre of Mollusk Shells

Nanometer‐Scale Mapping of Elastic Modules in Biogenic Composites: The Nacre of Mollusk Shells

Elastic excitations in BaTiO3single crystals and ceramics: Mobile domain boundaries and polar nanoregions observed by resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy

Anisotropic mechanism on distinct transition modes of tip-activated multipolorizaion switching in epitaxial BiFeO3 films

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